CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Chapter 11 1865 to

CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Chapter 11 1865 to the Present WORLD WAR I Section 4: Americans “Over there” Section 5: Establishing Peace 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Americans “Over There” CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present OBJECTIVES l What were the experiences of U. S. soldiers in World War I? l How did the final battles of the war progress? l Why did Germany finally agree to an armistice? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present l World War I Song Over There 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Americans “Over There” CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present U. S. Soldiers in WWI l U. S. troops served as individual units and were known as the American Expeditionary Force. l Doughboys trained in specially dug trenches and practiced with real shells and rifles and were trained for victory and not stalemate. doughboys – nickname for American soldiers in World War I 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT Not this Doughboy. FREEDOM 1865 to the Present 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Doughboys of World War I 1865 to the Present 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Americans “Over There” The Final Battles 8 CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present l In the spring of 1918 Germany launched a series of attack to break the stalemate on the western front. l March 21, 1918 the Germans launched an attack on the Somme River that ended up costing the Germans 250, 000 casualties. l In other battles, German advances were halted at northwestern France, the Marne, and the town of Chateau-Thierry; the turning point of the war had finally come. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT F REEDOM (Britannica Student Encyclopedia) The ancient cathedral 1865 to the Present city of Amiens lies on the Somme River in northern France some 80 miles (130 kilometers) north of Paris. The river valley is a natural route both for trade and for invading armies; 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Americans “Over There” CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Reasons for An Armistice (Truce) l German people and army were weary of war. l Civilians were without food or supplies and deaths from starvation were intense. l German soldiers rebelled and the Germans did not have enough soldiers to continue fighting. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 5: Establishing Peace CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present OBJECTIVES l What were the human and economic costs of the war? l What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? l How did Americans respond to the Treaty of Versailles? 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 5: Establishing Peace CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Human Cost of the War l Allies lost more than 5 million soldiers and 116, 000 American troops died. l Central Powers lost about 3. 4 million soldiers. l More than 20 million soldiers on both sides were wounded. l Thousands of civilians were wounded. 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

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Section 5: Establishing Peace Economic Cost of the War CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present l Economies of nations involved in the war were ruined l War destroyed the land itself l Cost of the war estimated at more the $145 billion for the Allies and $63 billion for the Central Powers l More than $30 billion in property destroyed and $1 billion on relief l War debts 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 5: Establishing Peace CALL TO HOLT F REEDOM Terms of the Treaty of Versailles 1865 to the Present l The treaty included some of the Fourteen Points such as self-determination. l People of some nations won the right to decide their own political situation. l New nations were formed and old ones were restored such as Czechoslovakia and Poland. Fourteen Points – President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for organizing post-World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Wilson’s Fourteen Points 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 5: Establishing Peace CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present America’s Response to the Treaty l Congress did not approve of the Treaty of Versailles. l Congress negotiated separate peace treaties with Austria, Germany, and Hungary. l U. S. never joined the League of Nations. 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

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