CALL TO HOLT Chapter 9 FREEDOM 1865 to

CALL TO HOLT Chapter 9 FREEDOM 1865 to the Present THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS (1900 -1920) Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President Section 2: The Taft Administration Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present OBJECTIVES l How did President Roosevelt try to balance the needs of both business and labor? l What did Roosevelt do to regulate businesses and railroads? l Why did Roosevelt and others contribute to the conservation movement? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Roosevelt Balancing Both Labor and Business l Roosevelt brought both business and labor together in arbitration in the 1902 strike of the United Mine Workers. arbitration – a formal meeting to talk about and settle disagreements 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Roosevelt Balancing Both Labor and Business l In his Square Deal, Roosevelt believed that the interest of labor and business should be balanced and everyone should be treated fairly. Square Deal – political program designed by President Theodore Roosevelt to treat every citizen fairly 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Roosevelt Regulating Both Business and Railroads l Roosevelt’s goal was to break up trusts that he felt were bad while allowing good trusts to continue. l The Northern Securities Company, a giant corporation that controlled the major railroads in the Northwest, was broken up because it had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. l Roosevelt supported legislation that regulated the railroads and their shipping rates. 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: Roosevelt Becomes President CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Roosevelt and Conservation l Roosevelt’s love of the outdoors made him the first president to support conservation. l He supported the building of national and state parks in hopes that they would provide “rest, health, and recreation. ” 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present OBJECTIVES l How was William Howard Taft’s administration similar to and different from Roosevelt’s administration? l Why did progressives turn against President Taft in the 1912 election? l What events took place during the election of 1912? 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Taft and Roosevelt l Similarities l Both approved of the Square Deal Programs. l Both defeated the Progressives and broke up trusts. l Differences l They had different personalities and different views about the presidency. l Unlike Roosevelt, Taft was a poor public speaker and avoided the press. l Taft was more cautious than Roosevelt and responded to public opinion more slowly. 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Progressives Turn Against Taft in the 1912 Election l Progressives felt that Taft’s new cabinet members would be too pro-business to support reform. l Progressives wanted laws that were stronger and would get rid of trust entirely. 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Progressives Turn Against Taft in the 1912 Election l Progressives were critical of Taft’s high tariff rates and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909), which lowered many tariffs but raised others. l The controversy over conservation lost Taft much of his Progressive support. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Events of the Election of 1912 l Theodore Roosevelt decided to seek the Republican nomination for President for a third term and run against Taft. l When Roosevelt failed to win the Republican nomination he formed the Bull Moose Party. l Three major candidates ran for the presidency. 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: The Taft Administration CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present (continued) Events of the Election of 1912 l Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson for the presidency. l Wilson did not win the popular vote but won the majority of the electoral votes, and thus the presidency, partially due to a split in the Republican party. 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present OBJECTIVES l What were some characteristics of President Wilson’s administration? l What economic reforms did Wilson pursue? l How did Wilson try to regulate corporations? 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Wilson in Office l Wilson was the first Democrat to be elected president in 20 years and the Democrats won both houses of Congress. l He appointed fellow Democrats to cabinet positions and government jobs. l Wilson brought many southern politicians into his administration. 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Wilson in Office l He had many strange habits that puzzled many people. l Wilson became the first president since John Adams to appear in person before Congress to promote legislation. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Wilson’s Economic Reforms l Backed the Underwood Tariff Act (1913) which was the lowest tariff rate in many years l Passed the Sixteenth Amendment in February 1913 l Improved the banking system by passing the Federal Reserve Act in December 1913 Federal Reserve Act – act that created a national banking system to help regulate the economy 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM 1865 to the Present Regulating Big Business Under Wilson l The Federal Trade Commission, which could look into business practices, was established in 1914. l The FTC could issue restraining orders to stop unfair trade practices. 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON