CALL TO HOLT Chapter 18 FREEDOM Beginnings to

CALL TO HOLT Chapter 18 FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 A DIVIDED NATION (1848– 1860) Section 1: The Debate over Slavery Section 2: Trouble in Kansas Section 3: Political Divisions Section 4: Secession 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 OBJECTIVES « How did the outcome of the Mexican War affect the debate over the expansion of slavery? « What were the main conditions of the Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it? « Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial in the North? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion l additional territory renewed the debate over slavery expansion l led to the Wilmot Proviso and sectionalism l began push for popular sovereignty l led to the Free-Soil Party l upset balance of free and slave states 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate popular sovereignty – the idea that political authority belongs to the people; also a principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slavery 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion Free-Soil Party – political Party formed in 1848 by antislavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties because neither addressed the slavery issue 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Compromise of 1850 l Conditions of the Compromise of 1850 l California joins the Union as a free state. l New Mexico and Utah Territories will use popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery. l Stronger fugitive slave law passed. l Slave trade ended in Washington, D. C. l Border dispute between new Mexico and Texas is resolved. 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery (continued) CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Compromise of 1850 l Opposition to the Compromise of 1850 l Allowing California to enter as a free state would destroy the balance between the two sections of the country. l California would be admitted unconditionally. l Support for the Compromise of 1850 l Preserving the Union was more important than regional differences. l Slave labor was not necessary in that environment. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Controversy in the North over the Fugitive Slave Act l lacked trial by jury l bribes were given to government officials for support 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: Trouble in Kansas CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 OBJECTIVES « How did different regions of the country react to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? « In what ways did people try to settle the conflict over slavery in Kansas? « What series of violent events showed growing division over slavery in the United States? 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: Trouble in Kansas CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Kansas-Nebraska Act l protested in the North l received strong support in the South 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: Trouble in Kansas CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Methods Used to Settle the Conflict Over Slavery in Kansas l compromise l protests 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2: Trouble in Kansas CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Violent Events Over Slavery l armed conflict in 1856 in Lawrence, Kansas l Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) – incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansans 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Political Divisions CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 OBJECTIVES « How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect U. S. political parties? « Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom, and how did the Supreme Court rule on his case? « How did Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas differ in their views on slavery? 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Political Divisions CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on U. S. Political Parties l Republican Party formed in 1854 l Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849 Know-Nothing Party – political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult foreigners to become citizens and to hold office 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Political Divisions CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Dred Scott l Dred Scott was a slave who lived in free territory and then returned to slave territory. l He sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when he lived in free territory. l In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: l African Americans were not U. S. citizens. l The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was unconstitutional. l Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal territory. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 3: Political Divisions CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on Slavery l Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and supported the equal rights for slaves. l Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did not feel the African Americans were equal. 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Secession CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 OBJECTIVES « How did Americans react to John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry? « What factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election of 1860? « Why did some southern states decide to leave the Union? 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Secession CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Reactions to John Brown’s Raid l Some mourned his death and regarded him as a hero. l Others opposed his violence. l Southerners felt threatened. l It raised the secession issue in the South. 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Secession CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory in the Presidential Election of 1860 l Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in the free states. l The slave states split their electoral votes thus giving Lincoln the victory. electoral votes – votes cast in states to elect the president in presidential elections 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 4: Secession CALL TO HOLT FREEDOM Beginnings to 1877 Reasons the Southern States Left the Union l believed Lincoln would abolish slavery l feared this action would destroy the South’s economy and society 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON