Californias Butterflies Erin Kihlthau Californias Butterflies 13 Species

California’s Butterflies Erin Kihlthau

California’s Butterflies 13 Species Endangered includes Lotis Blue Last seen 1983 Depend on host plants Biological Habitats Grassland Coastal scrub Dune plant communities

Mission Blue Butterfly Listed in 1976 Lupine, a perennial Coastal grasslands San Francisco Bay Marine County Limited to single refuge Symbiosis connection with ants

Myrtle Silverspot Butterfly Listed in 1992 Blue Violet Coastal prairies Alameda County San Francisco Bay Extremely sensitive to pesticides Silverspot Endangered Oregon, Callippe, & Behren’s

Bay Checkerspot Butterfly Listed in 1987 Coastal sage shrub Dwarf Plantain Purple Owl’s Clover Fog of Coastal Ranges San Francisco County San Mateo County

Mankind Activities Urban development Weed control; herbicides Damaging fire control activities Invasive alien plant species Off-road vehicle traffic Destructive agricultural practices Oil refining and sand mining Over Collecting

Butterfly Conservation San Bruno Mountain Habitat Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge The Xerces Society

The Butterfly Effect Man manipulates the landscape Essential environment, destroyed Preeminent plant life, depleted Sustainable support, decreased Required reproduction, disappeared Succession of Species, defeated devastated