California State University CSU ATLAS Program at LHC

California State University (CSU) ATLAS Program at LHC of CERN Yongsheng Gao (California State University, Fresno) 3/12/2018 LHC

ATLAS Collaboration ~3000 physicists, ~220 institutions, 40 countries ~500 US physicists from ~45 universities/national labs CSU Fresno joined ATLAS in 2007 as the only CSU campus on ATLAS or CMS Outstanding opportunities for CSU faculty, postdocs and students for the next ~15 years or longer CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 2

California State University Largest system in the US 23 campuses with total of ~470, 000 students Fresno: 5 th most populous city in California CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 3

Fresno & National Parks CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 4

ATLAS at CSU Fresno Faculty: Yongsheng Gao (2007 to present) Postdocs: Harinder Bawa Andrew Lowe (2008 to present) (2010 to 2012) Students: 8 Masters & undergraduate Strong support from Provost, College of Science & Mathematics, ORSP, Physics, IRA, etc. : $900 K+ 5 NSF grants (~$2. 4 M, indirect: ~$537 K) since 2009. ~$500 K in ATLAS membership fee CSU Fresno was the only CSU campus on ATLAS or CMS, involved in Higgs discovery, and home institution of new CSU ATLAS program CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 5

NSF Support since 2007 Year/Grant Information ATLAS Membership Fee 2009 3 -year EPP Grant 2010 2 -year MRI Grant 2012 3 -year EPP Grant 2015 3 -year IRES Grant Total Sum: Total ~$500 K $460 K $620 K $511 K $510 K $250 K $2, 851 K Indirect $0 $138 K $90 K $143 K $145 K $21 K $537 K EPP: Elementary Particle Physics MRI: Major Research Instrumentation IRES: International Research Experience for Students CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 6

CSU NUPAC CSU Fresno: only CSU in Higgs discovery and first research which resulted in a Nobel Prize Building up the CSU Nuclear & Particle Physics Consortium (NUPAC): 17 CSU campuses Bakersfield, CI, Chico, DH, East Bay, Fresno, Humboldt, Northridge, LA, LB, Pomona, Sacramento, SB, SF, SLO, Sonoma, Stanislaus Every summer since 2008, 5 to 12 CSU NUPAC students to work at CERN on ATLAS research CSU Fresno ATLAS: Center of CSU NUPAC which may become a CSU-wide affinity group CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 7

CSU NUPAC Campuses Largest system in the US 23 campuses with total of ~470, 000 students CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 8

CSU Students to CERN Year CSU students worked at CERN during summer 2008 5 (Fresno) 2009 5 (Fresno: 4; Sac: 1) 2010 5 (Fresno: 2; LB: 2; Sac: 1) 2011 6 (Fresno: 4; Pomona: 2) 2012 5 (Fresno) 2013 6 (Fresno: 3; CI: 3) 2014 7 (Fresno: 5; CI: 2) 2015 7 (Fresno: 5; CI: 2) 2016 12 (Fresno: 6; CI: 1; Humboldt: 1; LA: 1; Sacramento: 2; Sonoma: 1) 2017 12 (Fresno: 4; CI: 1; Humboldt: 1; CSUN: 1; Sacramento: 3; San Francisco: 1; Sonoma: 1) 5 supported by ~$250 K NSF IRES ($9 K/student) CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 9

Summer 2016 at CERN CSU Student Campus Aaron Bassill Fresno Mentor/Institution/Project Christian Ohm (LBNL): SUSY Taylor Dinkins CI Michael Dobbs Sonoma Lauren Tompkins (Stanford): B-tagging J. Gonzalez Fresno Andrew Nelson (UC-Irvine): NP/DM Ian Guerrero Dan Guest (UC-Irvine): Event Display Humboldt Fabio Cerutti (LBNL): Pixel Sarah Kroeker Fresno Reina Camacho (Chicago): Trigger Olivia Krohn Fresno Nikolina Ilic (Stanford): Higgs Annette Lopez Fresno Daniel Whiteson (UC-Irvine): NP/DM Haley Marez Sac State Guido Volpi (INFN): FTK C. Mosakowski Sac State Jahred Adelman (NIU): Higgs Fiona Pons Fresno E. Villarama LA Sam Meehan (Washington): Top Michael Kagan (SLAC): Heavy Higgs Student names in red are supported by NSF IRES award Fresno State Physics Yongsheng Gao 10

CSU Students at CERN CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 11

CSU Fresno Students at CERN 29 CSU Fresno students have worked on ATLAS at CERN for at least one summer since 2008 Projects: detector upgrade R&D, testing, software, grid computing, trigger/DAQ, new physics searches, …. . . Funded by CSM ($15 K/yr), IRA (~$6 K/yr), FSSR, etc. Reported by Fresno Bee, ABC-30, CBS-47, KSEE-24, … Charlie Young (SLAC): James Mac. Dougall is the best summer student we have ever worked with, including those students from SLAC and Stanford University http: //zimmer. csufresno. edu/~yogao/ATLAS/ CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 12

CSU Students at CERN Talks about research work at ATLAS meetings, attend CERN Summer Student Lecture Series ATLAS paid airline ticket, hotel, and stipend for James Mac. Dougall and Varun Varahamurthy to return and work at CERN after summer Students admitted to UC-Berkeley, UCR, UCSD, UCSC, USC, Colorado, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, UW, Hamburg, CEA Saclay, HEPHY Vienna, etc. ATLAS/CERN working experience prepares our students for their personal and professional success in an increasingly competitive, global, and multi-cultural society CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 13

Students’ CERN Experience CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 14

Ph. D students from China Dengfeng Zhang (ATLAS Ph. D student from Shandong University) has been working with Fresno State ATLAS program since 2015 and worked in Fresno for 2 years Zhang worked on searching for new physics in Dijet final state and validation of ATLAS simulation using testbeam data. Gave ~45 talks at ATLAS WG meetings contributed to 2 ATLAS publications and 4 notes Wei Ding (ATLAS Ph. D student from Tshinghua University) came to Fresno in 9/2017 to work on new physics search with Dijet and ATLAS Monte Carlo generator validation. Gave 5 Talks at ATLAS WG meetings CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 15

CSU ATLAS Program CSU Sacramento and East Bay hired new ATLAS faculty Joshua Moss and Kathryn Grimm in 2014 and 2017 to start their ATLAS programs and contribute to NUPAC 8/2015: Gao’s NSF EPP core grant renewed for $510 K and Dr. Moss received his first 3 -year $360 K NSF EPP core grant from 8/1/2015 to 7/31/2018. Fresno State ATLAS program renamed as “CSU ATLAS program” with Fresno State/Gao as home institution/team leader 10/2017: Fresno State/Sac State submitted one joint proposal for CSU ATLAS with Gao/Moss as PI/Co-PI. Kathy Grimm (East Bay) submitted her own proposal CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 16

CSU ATLAS Program If both proposals are funded in 2018, 3 campuses can submit one joint proposal in 10/2020 for next 3 years. CSU ATLAS program will become an average sized US ATLAS program. Other CSU campuses can follow the examples of Sac State and East Bay to join the CSU ATLAS program 1/2018: Fresno State/Stanford submitted NSF IRES proposal with PI: Gao, Co-PI: Prof. Lauren Tompkins (Stanford U. ): $400 K to send 24 CSU students to work at CERN for summers from 2019 to 2021 (8 students per summer with $8 K/student for working on ATLAS) CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 17

ATLAS Work Electron Identification and e-p Separation with 2002 ATLAS LAr Test Beam Data By L. Lu and Y. Gao (2002 to 2003) Using both lateral and longitudinal information (# of hit cells, depth profile, and E/P) # of hit cells provides significant (factor of 2) additional separation power for e-p separation Another factor of 2 improvement when using Neural Network (NN) instead of simple cuts ATL-LARG-2003 -013 and published in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 550, 96 (2005) CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 18

ATLAS Work Significance Calculation & a New Method to Search for New Physics at LHC By Y. Gao, L. Lu, and X. Wang (2005 to 2006) Flaws in significance calculation of existing methods at LHC in searching for new physics General procedure to correctly evaluate significance and compare search methods New method (ML fit with parameter scan) more powerful to discover new physics Talks at ATLAS Higgs WG in 2005, 2006, 2007. Published in Eur. Phys. J. C 45, 659 (2006) CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 19

ATLAS Ph. D student Liang Lu received his Ph. D in 2006 for his work on LAr testbeam data and Eur. Phys. J. C Returned to China in 2005 to work in IT and served as CEO of several companies so far CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 20

ATLAS Work Initiated ATLAS PID Evaluation Mechanism with Reflections of Known Physics Processes By Y. Gao (2006 to 2007) First measurements of charge confusion rate and PID fake rates using reflections of known physics processes (e. g. Z e+e-, m+m-, etc. ) First realistic estimates of charge confusion rate and PID fake rates on ATLAS Talks at ATLAS Standard Model, e/ , Higgs, Exotics, Jet/Et. Miss, Tau WG in 2006 and 2007. Have been used by ATLAS collaboration since. CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 21

ATLAS Data Challenges ~PByte/sec Online System CERN/Outside Resource Ratio ~1: 2 Tier 0/( Tier 1)/( Tier 2) ~1: 1: 1 ~100 -400 MBytes/sec >10 PB/Yr! Tier 0 +1 Tier 1 Offline Farm, CERN Computer Ctr 10+ Gbits/sec France UK Italy Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 2 Center ~2. 5+ Gbps Institute 100 - 10000 Mbits/sec CSU Fresno Physics BNL Institute $620 K MRI grant to Fresno State in 2010 for Tier 3 s at 9 NSF EPP funded schools on ATLAS (Columbia, Chicago, Hampton, MSU, NIU, NYU, Stony Brook, and UW) Yongsheng Gao 22

ATLAS Grid Computing 8/2009: Led joint NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) proposal for all 9 NSF EPP grant supported universities on ATLAS to build Tier 3 clusters at these institutions 3/2010: Received $620 K NSF MRI grant. CSU Fresno as the only lead institution with other 8 (U. of Chicago, Columbia, Hampton, MSU, NIU, NYU, Stony Brook, Washington) as subcontractors of CSU Fresno Tier 3 cluster: 408 cores with 210 TB. Computing needs up to 2015 only CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 23

ATLAS Grid Computing 1/2015: Led & submitted joint NSF MRI proposal for 18 NSF EPP supported universities on ATLAS and CMS: Develop new LHCAnaly. Net (Distributed Computing Instrument) for incoming LHC Run-2 CSU Fresno: Only lead institution in this ~$1 M joint US ATLAS/CMS proposal with other 17 (Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, FIU, Kansas, MSU, Nebraska, NIU, Northeastern, Notre Dame, NYU, Purdue-Calumet, Rutgers, Stony Brook, SUNY-Buffalo, Vanderbilt, Washington) as subcontractors of CSU Fresno NSF: Cannot fund now. Maybe later CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 24

ATLAS Work Observation of First W and Z from First ATLAS Data at 7 Te. V By H. Bawa, B. Wilson, etc. (2008 to 2009) Inclusive production cross sections of W and Z at LHC an important test of SM and ATLAS before searching for New Physics beyond SM First measurement of W en cross section: Background calculations, cutflow analysis, etc. ATL-COM-PHYS-2010 -297 and supporting notes; Published in JHEP 1012, 060 (2010) CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 25

ATLAS Work Search for NP in Dijet Mass Distribution with 36 pb-1 of ATLAS Data at 7 Te. V By H. Bawa, N. Rad, etc. (2010 to 2011) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions of energetic jets wrt beam: Event cleaning, Kinematics/angular variables, UL, … ULs set for excited quarks, axigluons, Randall. Meade quantum BH, ……: 2. 1 Te. V to 3. 7 Te. V ATLAS-EXOT-2010 -07 -002, CERN-PH-2011 -030, ATLAS-CONF-2011 -095, and Published in New J. Phys. 13 (2011) 053044 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 26

ATLAS Work Search for NP in Dijet Mass Distribution with 4. 8 fb-1 of Full 2011 ATLAS Data By H. Bawa, N. Rad, etc. (2011 to 2012) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions of energetic jets wrt beam: Heavy W, MC validation, analysis optimization, UL, … ULs set for excited quarks, color octet, heavy W, string resonances, quantum BH, quark contact interaction: 1. 7 to 7. 6 Te. V ATLAS-EXOT-2011 -21 -002, CERN-PH-EP-2012257, and Published in JHEP 01 (2013) 029 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 27

ATLAS Work New Jet Substructure Variables (Color Connection) for ATLAS Trigger/Physics By A. Lowe and Y. Gao (2010 to 2012) Fine-grained calorimetry in ATLAS allows jets to be studied in much greater detail Explored jet substructure techniques (colorconnections) between jets to further reject QCD BKG for NP signals (e. g. H bb, etc. ) Talks at ATLAS Standard Model, Higgs (HSG 5, HSG 7), Jet. X, Exotics, Jet Trigger Signature, Trigger Core SW, etc. WG from 2011 to 2012 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 28

ATLAS Work ATLAS Jet Trigger Algorithm Development, Implementation, and Integration By A. Lowe (2010 to 2012) Develop new trigger algorithms for ATLAS Jet Trigger to boost selection efficiencies for interesting physics signatures by performing Jet reconstruction using full detector info. HLT Online Integration for jet trigger slice, … Talks at ATLAS Higgs (HSG 5, HSG 7), Jet. X, Jet Trigger Signature, Trigger Core SW, etc. WG meetings from 2011 to 2012 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 29

ATLAS Work Search for NP in Dijet Mass Distribution with ATLAS Data of 8 Te. V By H. Bawa, D. Zhang, M. Brazickas (2012 to 2015) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions: First search for excited W, MC validation, analysis optimization, UL, …… ULs set for excited quarks, color octet, heavy W, excited W, string resonances, quantum BH, quark contact interaction: 1. 8 to 5. 7 Te. V ATLAS-CONF-2012 -088 and Published in PRD 91 (2015) 052005 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 30

ATLAS Work Search for NP in Dijet Mass Distribution with 3. 6 fb-1 ATLAS Data of 13 Te. V By H. Bawa, D. Zhang, M. Brazickas (2015 to 2016) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions: MC validation, analysis optimization, statistical comparison, UL, …… ULs set for excited quarks, heavy W, excited W, quantum BH, quark contact interaction, etc: 2. 6 to 17. 5 Te. V ATLAS-EXOT-2015 -02 -001, CERN-PH-EP-2015311, and Published in PLB 754 (2016) 302 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 31

ATLAS Work Search for Light Dijet Resonances with Trigger-Level Analysis of ATLAS Data By H. Bawa, D. Zhang, M. Brazickas (2016 to present) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions: 1 Billion BKG MC validation, bias effects on trigger as a function of transverse momentum threshold, etc. ULs set for cross sections of excited W and new processes with sub-Te. V masses ATLAS-COM-CONF-2016 -037, submitted to PRL CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 32

ATLAS Work Search for NP in Dijet with 37 fb-1 ATLAS Data of 13 Te. V By H. Bawa, D. Zhang, W. Ding, etc. (2016 to 2017) Search for NP from invariant mass and angular distributions: MC validation, analysis optimization, statistical comparison, UL, …… ULs set for excited quarks, heavy W, excited W, quantum BH, quark contact interaction, etc. ATLAS-CONF-2016 -069, ATL-COM-PHYS-2017035 and Published in PRD 96 (2017) 052004 CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 33

Collaboration with SDU Visited ATLAS group of SDU (Prof. Chengguang Zhu, and others) during summer of 2014 Dengfeng Zhang (Ph. D student of Prof. Zhu) came to Fresno to work with our ATLAS group (Dr. Bawa) from 1/2015 to 12/2015 on ATLAS physics & service work Dengfeng learned Pythia 8/Calc. HEP, Root. Core, Distributed computing, etc. and worked on searching for excited heavy W* in dijet final state Contributed to MC generation and validation, Data/MC comparison, analysis optimization, significance calculation, and upper limits setting, …… CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 34

Collaboration with SDU Dengfeng has given 45+ presentations to ATLAS Dijet and Jets & Dark Matter Working Group meetings since. Author of two ATLAS communication notes Dengfeng became an active member of the ATLAS DAST (Distributed Analysis Support Team) supervised by Bawa and has been an independent DAST shifter (Class 2). He has been taking DAST shifts from SDU after returning to SDU After returning to SDU in 12/2015, Dengfeng has been working with Dr. Bawa on excited W* search, became an official ATLAS author. Returned to Fresno from 9/2016 to 9/2017 with SDU Oversea Grant award CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 35

ATLAS Work Dr. Bawa: ATLAS MC Validation Coordinator since 7/2017. Central role in ATLAS Physics Modelling Group (PMG) Development/Validation of MC generators, analyse samples, final approval of MC requests of all physics groups Supervising Wei Ding (Tsinghua University of China) in validating Madgraph MC generator MG 5_a. MC. ATLAS author qualification task of Wei Ding CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 36

ATLAS Work (Sac State) Dr. Moss: Coordinator of ATLAS ZZ analysis Published in JHEP 01 (2017) 099. Serving Real-Time Testing (RTT) coordinator of Inner Detector Combined Performance group since 2017 Study Pixel Module Performance/Failures ATLAS Diamond Monitor (DBM) Leading CSU (East Bay, Fresno, Sacramento) efforts in Phase II ITK Pixel Upgrade in collaboration with SLAC and Stanford groups CSU Fresno Physics Yongsheng Gao 37