Caffeine Levels and the Effects of Caffeine in

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Caffeine Levels and the Effects of Caffeine in the Puget Sound on Humpback Whales

Caffeine Levels and the Effects of Caffeine in the Puget Sound on Humpback Whales AUTHOR: Student Name METHODS (continued) INTRODUCTION An occasional occupant of the Puget Sound, the Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeds off of krill in the area. As an occupant of the Puget Sound, the Humpback whale is affected by the quality of the water. Pictured Below: Reference 8 At UPS, students used a Water Xevo G 2 QTo. F (pictured below) to run and process the water sample for caffeine. All data shown is from this machine. Pictured Below: Reference 5 RESULTS (continued) END OF SWALE RESULTS (continued) Standard: Caffeine The Sound has a number of water treatment facilities, but the one located at Point Defiance Park is only equipped to process out trash and heavy metals from the stormwater. It is known that many Containment of Emerging Concern (CEC’s) affects other organisms in the area like salmon being found with estrogen and CEC’s in their system (1). However, the treatment facilities ability to process out caffeine between inflow and the end of the swale is unknown. A concern is that the caffeine will be having negative impacts on the whales as caffeine collects in their system through biomagnification. If salmon are being found with high levels of CEC in their system, then other organisms in similar environments (such as krill) are likely to have high levels as well, and pass those chemicals on to anything that eats the krill such as the whales in the area. Studies are also being done to determine how caffeine specifically affects marine organisms. It is known that caffeine is disrupting fish cellular tissue. It is also known that caffeine affects intertidal mussels, causing them to produce proteins in relation to stressful environments (2). RESULTS Students: Curtis, Kelsie, Kay, Tyda Location: End of swale 1: 03 pm Amount of water processed: 500 m. L Caffeine area amount: 48, 100 Caffeine ion count amount: 67, 500 Pictured Below: Reference 7 INFLOW REFERENCES OBJECTIVES *To determine the level of caffeine levels at the inflow and outflow of the Point Defiance stormwater treatment plant. *To determine the amount of caffeine entering the Puget Sound. *To determine possible effects of caffeine on Megaptera novaeangliae. Samples were collected by students in various areas of the Point Defiance Stormwater facility (pictured below). Students: Chris and Mic Location: Inflow 10: 25 am Amount of water processed: 500 m. L Caffeine area amount: 45, 800 Caffeine ion count Amount: 63, 400 Pictured Below: Reference 6 The graphs came from the computer system hooked up to the Water Xevo. A wash (data pictured below) was used every few samples to preserve the validity of the experiment. Pictured: Reference 3 (top) and Reference 4 (left) Samples were collected from a variety of locations, including at the inflow and the end of swale, the two locations this lab will focus on. The samples were brought to the lab and stored. Students used a 0. 2 micron filter to start processing the water samples. Samples were extracted using an oasis HLB prime, which was then washed with methanol. The processed sample was then dried using nitrogen gas. A reconstitution solution was added, and the samples were taken to be tested at University of Puget Sound. . RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2015 www. Poster. Presentations. com In conclusion, it is now known that caffeine is in the stormwater treatment facility and is entering the Puget Sound. This can be known from the standard sample, which tells us that if caffeine is present, there will be a spike at three minutes. At this time, the data does not have clear enough trend lines to tell us much. It is known that there is caffeine at both the inflow and the outflow, meaning caffeine is entering the puget sound, but exact numbers differ on a case by case basis. The potential effect on the Megaptera novaeangliae is also unknown as specific studies have not yet been done to understand the effects of caffeine on many marine organisms. Furthermore, not much research has been done to see how any drugs or CEC’s can affect whales, excluding the orca whales of Seaworld. However, it can be concluded that caffeine is present in the whales, even if the exact amount and effect is unknown. Identifying how much caffeine is making it into the sound will be the first step in providing insight to how caffeine could be affecting whales. METHODS CONCLUSIONS 1. “Puget Sound Salmon Do Drugs, Which May Hurt Their Survival. ” The Seattle Times, 9 Apr. 2018, cdn. filestackcontent. com/jeb. CG 3 r. Sf 66 qn. Qv. Vn 6 cv. 2. “Caffeinated Seas Found off U. S. Pacific Northwest. ” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 30 July 2012, news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2012/07/120730 -caffeinated-seaspacific-northwest-caffeine-coffee-science/. 3. “Point Defiance Regional Stormwater Treatment Facility - Cit. . . ” About Tacoma - City of Tacoma, www. cityoftacoma. org/government/city_departments/environmentalservic es/surface_water/green_stormwater_infrastructure__gsi_/gsi_projects/point _defiance_regional_stormwater_treatment_facil. 4. “Point Defiance Regional Treatment Retrofit. ” Contech Engineered Solutions, www. conteches. com/knowledge-center/case-studies/case-studydetails/articleid/1578/point-defiance-regional-treatment-retrofit. 5. “Home. ” Loo Lab, loolab. chem. ucla. edu/instrument. html. 6. “Point Defiance Regional Stormwater Treatment Facility [6, 10]. ” Puget Sound Innovation Stories, 20 July 2017, pugetsoundinnovationstories. blog/2017/04/21/point-defiance-regionalstormwater-treatment-facility-610/. 7. “Protecting Puget Sound. ” Forester Network, 9 Aug. 2017, foresternetwork. com/stormwater-magazine/sw-water/sw-stormwatermanagement/protecting-puget-sound/. 8. “Humpback Whale. ” Clipper Vacations, 26 Apr. 2018, www. clippervacations. com/magazine/seattle-whale-watching-guide/. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Matthew Lonsdale Chris and Mic Curtis, Kelsie, Tyda and Kay University of Puget Sound (UPS)