CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND PAX ROMANA CIVIL WAR Caesar

CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND PAX ROMANA

CIVIL WAR • Caesar stabbed 23 times • The Second Triumvirate Forms: • Caesar’s Heir Octavian • Caesar’s General Mark Antony • Lepidus • Hunt down the stabbers

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE FAILS • Reasons: • Antony attacks Parthia and loses • Cheating on Octavian's sister • Left land to Cleopatra's children in his will. • War starts • Cleopatra side with Antony • Octavian defeated them at Battle of Actium

CAESAR AUGUSTUS • Octavian granted title “exalted one” or Augustus • Ruled as Rome’s first emperor • Careful not to call himself that

STABLE GOVERNMENT • • • Maintained the Senate Opened Bureaucracy to talented men Took a census for tax purposes New Coins Building projects to put poor to work Major flaw was not establishing clear cessation

ESTABLISHED PAX ROMANA “ 200 year period of relative peacefulness and minimal expansion considered Roman Golden Age”

DEATH OF AUGUSTUS • Augustus dies • Like 5 heirs died prior • Tiberius is new Emperor

JULIO-CLAUDIAN EMPERORS (27 BCE – 68 AD) • Tiberius (22 years) • Decent Emperor • Jesus crucified • Caligula (3 years) • Crazy, names Horse a senator • Claudius (13 years) • Decent Emperor • Nero (13 years) • Crazy, persecuted Christians • Blamed for burning Rome

YEAR OF FOUR EMPERORS • Civil War • 3 Emperors rise an Fall • the Flavian Dynasty rises

FLAVIAN DYNASTY • Vespasian (9 years) • Titus (2 years) • Domitian (15 years)

FIVE GOOD EMPERORS (98 – 180 AD) • Nerva (1 year) • Credited with the series of emperors • Trajan (19 years) • Expanded Rome • Just Ruler • Hadrian (20 years) • Built a Wall in Britain • Solidifed the Empire • Antoninus Pius (22 years) • Economic and Legal reform • Marcus Aurelius (19 year) • Philosopher King