C Project Cool Arthur Ketchel II Keith Francisco

C#: Project Cool Arthur Ketchel II Keith Francisco Chris Mc. Innis

Language Paradigm • Simple, Modern, General Purpose • Structured, Imperative, Objected Oriented • Designed for Software Component Development • Not designed to compete with C on performance or size. − JIT compiled

Historical Context • C# was developed by Microsoft. • Lead Architect: Anders Hejlsberg − Worked on other languages, such as: Delphi • Codename of C# was Project Cool − Microsoft denies this but there is evidence to prove otherwise in code snippets and file paths. • The language received its name from music, as a sharp (#) is a semi-tone above the base note.

C#’s Origin • Before creating C#, Microsoft implemented a modified Java environment, called J++. • Microsoft was said to have added features in a manner that violated platform neutrality, violating a license agreement that Microsoft signed with Sun Microsystems in return for using the Java brand. • Sun Microsystems sued and won, preventing Microsoft from using the Java brand thus further production of J++. With the release of the. NET framework (and C#), the project was revived in the form of J#. • During the development, C# was driven by CLR or Common Language Runtime. • At compile-time, a. NET compiler converts such code into CIL code. At runtime, the CLR's just-in-time compiler converts the CIL code into code native to the operating system

C# and Java • Both languages are Objected Oriented, Garbage Collected and run-time compiled (JIT). • In Java, wrapper classes must be used for primitive types in order to translate between their primitive data and object forms. − Java: Integer. to. String(42); − C#: 42. to. String(); • Unlike Java, C# allows conditional compilation using preprocessor directives. • C# only supports unchecked exceptions, which do not require the programmer to declare and catch all exceptions thrown by a method.

The C Language Family • Comparison of C# to C and C++ − C# has no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. − In C#, local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++. − C# supports a strict boolean type, bool, and does not allow conversion between an integer meaning bool (0, false – 1, true) − In C#, multiple inheritance is not supported, although a class can implement any number of interfaces. − Accessors called properties can be used to modify an object with syntax that resembles C++ member field access (get and set). − C# has a unified type system. This means that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the System. Object class. For example, every type inherits a To. String() method. (42. To. String() calls the To. String() method of an integer)

C# Language Concepts • Object Oriented − Everything from data types to classes inherit from a base Object class − No global variables or methods, everything is encased within classes.

C# Language Concepts • Memory Management − Memory cannot be explicitly freed. • Memory is managed by the garbage collector. − Garbage collector protects against memory leaks. − Pointers can only be used within unsafe code blocks.

C# Interesting Concepts • You may use foreach on lists as well as for loops. • Properties can expose member variables much like get and set methods. • partial classes help break down large class files.

Future Concepts (C# v 3. 0) • Language Integrated Query will allow for queries on SQL, XML, collections, and more (from, where, select) • Automatic properties will decrease code length.

Code Sample (factorial – recursion)

Code Sample (factorial – foreach)

Code Sample (factorial – for)