BZUPAGES COM BZUPAGES COM Entrepreneurship 8 th Edition
BZUPAGES. COM
BZUPAGES. COM
Entrepreneurship 8 th Edition Author: Robert D Hisrich, Micheal P. Peters Dean a Shepherd BZUPAGES. COM
Creativity & Innovation Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems & opportunities Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to those problems & opportunities to enhance or to enrich people’s lives Innovator BZUPAGES. COM
Creativity = Ideas Creativity involves generating something from nothing Creative ideas springs up from the most unexpected places BZUPAGES. COM
Edwin Land, one of America’s most prolific inventors, credits his three year old daughter with the idea of the Polaroid instant camera BZUPAGES. COM
What an idea!!!! But not valued in Business until implemented!!! BZUPAGES. COM
Innovation = Ideas + Action Entrepreneurship is the result of a disciplined, systematic process of applying creativity & innovation to needs & opportunities in the marketplace Millions of people come up with creative ideas for new or different products & services; most of them, however, never do anything with them Entrepreneurs are those who connect their creative ideas with the purposeful action & structure of a business Thus successful entrepreneurship is a constant process that relies on creativity, innovation & application in the marketplace BZUPAGES. COM
3000 new product ideas, 4 make it to development stage, 2 are actually launched & only ONE becomes a success in the market BZUPAGES. COM
Creativity should be accompanied with Innovation!! Entrepreneurs succeed by thinking and doing new things or old things in new way Having a great new idea is not enough; transforming the idea into a tangible product, service or business venture is the essential next step BZUPAGES. COM
Trends • Green Trend • Clean-Energy Trend • Organic-Orientation Trend BZUPAGES. COM
Trends (continued) • Social Trend • Health Trend • Web Trend BZUPAGES. COM
Sources of New Ideas (1 of 2) Consumers. Existing Companies Distribution channels BZUPAGES. COM
Sources of New Ideas (2 of 2) Federal government Research and development BZUPAGES. COM
Methods of Generating New Ideas Focus groups number of group members from 6 -12 Moderator focuses discussion of the group in a directive or nondirective manner. Co. women’s slipper-concept of “warm & comfortable slipper that’s fits and old shoe” – 12 women focus group An excellent method for initially screening ideas and concepts. BZUPAGES. COM
Brainstorming A Group method for obtaining new ideas & solutions 4 Rules should be followed 1. No criticism is allowed by anyone in the group 2. Freewheeling is encouraged-wilder the idea the better 3. Quantity of ideas is desired- greater the no. of ideas the greater the likelihood of the emergence of useful ideas 4. Combinations and improvements of ideas are encouraged- ideas of others can be used to produce Brainwriting is similar to Brainstorming… still another new idea BZUPAGES. COM
Focus group and brainstorming is different in the sense that FG is structured or moderated. . . while BS is not a debate or discussion like that. . its people giving lots of ideas without criticism allowed BZUPAGES. COM
Methods of Generating New Ideas (2 of 2) Problem inventory analysis Consumers associates particular problems with specific products & then develop a new product that do not contain the identified fault BZUPAGES. COM
Problem inventory analysis (continued) Instead of generating new ideas themselves consumers provided with list of problems in general product category Then asked to identify & discuss products in this category that have particular problem Effective method since its easier to relate known products to suggested problems & arrive at a new product idea than to generate an entirely new product idea by itself Results must be carefully evaluated as they may not actually reflect a new business opportunity. BZUPAGES. COM
Creative Problem Solving Creativity: an important attribute of a successful entrepreneur. Creativity tends to decline with: Age, education, lack of use, and bureaucracy. BZUPAGES. COM
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques <<Insert Table 5. 2>> BZUPAGES. COM
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques (1 of 3) Brainstorming Used in creative problem solving and idea generation. Creative problem solving: a method for obtaining new ideas Spontaneous contribution of participants Problem statement-neither too broad nor too narrow Avoid inhibiting responses NO group member should be expert in field of problem Ideas even if illogical, must be recorded Prohibit criticizing OR evaluating during BS BZUPAGES. COM
Reverse brainstorming A group method for obtaining new ideas focusing on the negative. Finding fault by asking questions “in how many possible ways can the idea flop” Maintain group morale Stimulate innovative thinking Often involves identification of everything wrong with an idea- followed by discussion how to overcome these problems BZUPAGES. COM
Brainwriting Form of written brainstorming. It is a silent, written generation of ideas by a group of people. This sheet can b passed around on email as well Pass the sheet around – reach its owner The only thing wrong with it is that there is no excitement of verbal discussion BZUPAGES. COM
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques (2 of 3) Gordon method Method for developing new ideas when the individuals are unaware of the problem. u don’t give away too much detail about the problem headline would be “i wish there was something v cud do about the bad colors in my TV screen” Or Latest trends in fashion world” Checklist method Developing a new idea through a list of related issues. BZUPAGES. COM
Product Planning & Development Process Establishing Evaluation Criteria for evaluation need to be established at each stage of the product planning and development process. Criteria should be: All inclusive and quantitative to screen the product carefully. Established to evaluate the new idea in terms of: Market opportunity Competition Marketing system Financial factors Production factors. BZUPAGES. COM
• Need for the product idea must exist Market opportunity • Characteristics & attitudes of consumers that might buy the product, size & nature of market • Share of that market that product could capture • competing producers, prices, & marketing policies should be evaluated • Product should be able to compete successfully with Competitionproducts already on the market by having features that will meet or overcome current or anticipated competition • New product should be compatible with existing management capabilities & marketing strategies • Firm should be able to use its marketing experience Marketing system & other expertise in this new product effort • Example: GE would have less difficult time adding a new kitchen appliance to its line than P&G • product should be able to be supported by & contribute to Co. financial structure • Break even point & Long term profit outlook for product Financial factors need to be determined • if the new product idea cannot be integrated into existing Production manufacturing processes, not only is the new idea is less factors. positive- but new plan & production cost – plant space need BZUPAGES. COM to be determined
Product Planning and Development Process Divided into five major stages: Idea stage. Concept stage. Product development stage. Test marketing stage. Commercialization. BZUPAGES. COM
The Product Planning and Development Process (1 of 3) <<Insert Figure 5. 6>> BZUPAGES. COM
The Product Planning and Development Process (2 of 3) Idea stage Promising new product/service ideas should be identified. Impractical ones eliminated. Evaluation method – systematic market evaluation checklist. Concept stage Refined idea is tested to determine consumer acceptance. Consumer acceptance can be measured through the conversational interview method. BZUPAGES. COM
The Product Planning and Development Process (3 of 3) Product development stage Determines consumer reaction to the physical product/service. A tool frequently used – consumer panel. Consumer preference is determined through: multiple brand comparisons, risk analysis, level of repeat purchases, or intensity of preference analysis. Test marketing stage Increases certainty of successful commercialization. Provides actual sales results, which indicate the acceptance level of consumers. Positive test results indicate probability of successful product launch BZUPAGES. COM
E-commerce and Business Startup E-commerce offers entrepreneurs an opportunity to be creative and innovative. Factors that facilitate a high-growth in electronic commerce: Widespread use of personal computers. Adoption of intranets in companies. Acceptance of the Internet as a business communications platform. Faster and more secure systems. BZUPAGES. COM
Using E-Commerce Creatively Entrepreneurs starting an Internet commerce venture need to address the same strategic and tactical questions as any other entrepreneur. • Internet operationscompany Entrepreneurs have to decide to: primary Run Internet operations within the company, business or • Availability of Outsource these operations to Internet specialists. resources –web professional Another option is to use the packages for e- commerce. BZUPAGES. COM
Components of Internet Commerce Two major components of Internet commerce are: Front-end operations. Back-end operations. Integration of front-end and back-end operations represents the greatest challenge for doing Internet business. provides the opportunity for developing a The biggest mistake of many companies on the sustained competitive advantage. internet is believing that an attractive & interactive website will secure success- leads to BZUPAGES. COM underestimating imp of end operations
Web Sites- connection btw Co & its. Indicator of Customers professio legitima nal design cy Web Shopping Keys to a good Web site: designe cartr Ease of use ( info product /services ) credit card Structure and organization of information payments. Secure Visibility servers Search capability https E-mail response system Advertisesearch engines, Speed. banner ads, Technical aspects email Should work properly in different browsers and platforms. Should appear in all marketing materials. Secure servers https BZUPAGES. COM
Tracking Customer Information Database: Tracks activity of the: Industry. Segment. Company. Supports personal marketing targeted at individual clients. Should be able capture customer attention with customized one-to-one marketing. BZUPAGES. COM
Doing E-Commerce as an Entrepreneurial Fresh fruits & Company vegitables ? To do business through the Internet: Products should be delivered economically and conveniently. Products need to interest a wide market Company must be ready to ship the product outside its own geographical location. Online operations have to bring significant cost reductions-as compare to brick & mortar operation Company must possess the ability to economically draw customers to its Web site. BZUPAGES. COM
Summary Starting point –successful Co. - product/Service they offer Sources of ideas ranges – comments of consumers TO changes in Govt regulations Monitoring comments of Consumers Evaluating new products offered by competitors Familiar with the ideas contained in previously granted patents BZUPAGES. COM
Becoming actively involved in R&D Specific tech’s entrepreneur use to generate ideas Focus group-Brainstorming-Problem inventory analysis After idea generation the planning and developing process begins Large number ideas screened/ evaluated Potential ideas moved- concept, product development, test marketing, commercialization stage BZUPAGES. COM
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