Byzantium Becomes the New Rome Timeline of the
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
Timeline of the Fall of Rome • • • 324 - Constantine reunites Roman Empire 330 - Moves the capital to Constantinople 395 - West and East Rome was officially divided. 410 - Rome is attacked by the Vandals 413 - Constantinople begins building its protective walls to keep Germanics out • 420 - Rome attacked again • 476 - Rome falls, along with the Empire • 527 Justinian took the throne of the Eastern Empire.
SPLITS
GREEK
• Capital = Constantinople • Continued as the New ROME • Kings saw themselves to still be considered ROMAN emperors
ADVANTAGES 1. Located on the waterway between the Aegean & Black Seas. 2. Protection of Eastern frontier 3. Distance from Germanic invaders in Western Empire. 4. Located at crossroads of trading routes between Europe & Asia. (Caravans) 5. Easily fortified on a peninsula bordering natural harbor.
CO BE ES M Byzantine Empire
Constantinople • Survived because it was far away from the Germanic tribe invasions • It was the crossroads of trade so it was successful • Preserved Greco. Roman culture
Justinian • Justinian was a serious emperor who worked from dawn to midnight • He helped rebuild and re -conquer Rome • Had ABSOLUTE POWER = controlled both government and church • Wife helped- Theodora 1
Byzantine Under Justinian • He wanted a re-conquest of the Roman territories that were lost through Germanic invasions
Justinian’s Accomplishments • Sent Best general Belisarius to take North Africa from the Vandals • 2 Years later Belisarius took Rome back from the Ostrogoths • Justinian won back nearly all the territory Rome used to rule.
Justinian Code • Justinian set up a panel of legal experts to look through 400 years of Roman law. – Some laws were outdated – Justinian wanted to create a single, uniform code • This became known as the Justinian Code that was used for 900 years after his death
Justinian Expands Trade • The main street that ran through Constantinople was called the MESE which means “Middle Way” – It ran from the imperial palace to the outer walls
Justinian Expands Trade • There was a giant open-air market where shoppers could buy – Tin from England – Wine from France – Cork from Spain – Ivory and gold from Africa
JUSTINIAN THEODORA
Byzantium Preserves Learning • Families valued education – Sent children to monastic or public schools – Hired private tutors – Greek and Latin grammar, philosophy and rhetoric • They preserved Greek and Roman great works
Justinian’s Building Program • Launched the most ambitious public building program the Roman world had ever seen. • City protected by a deep moat, and three walls that were 25 feet thick • City coast was surrounded by a 14 -mile stone wall
The Hagia Sophia • Justinians’ most splendid building • Christian church later taken by the Muslims • Hagia Sophia was the first time that a large circular dome had been set atop a rectangular opening. • At the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 the Hagia Sophia became a mosque. • Today, it is a museum. • Meant “Holy Wisdom” in Greek
West = Roman Catholic Latin East = Eastern Orthodox Greek
DECLINE & FALL • By 700 s Byzantine was reduced to mainly Greek areas. • Constantly under attack, first by the SELJUK TURKS (Muslims) & then by the OTTOMAN TURKS who officially defeated the Byzantines in 1453 A. D.
In 1054 A. D. , the Orthodox Christian Church officially split from the Roman Catholic Church in the Great Schism
- Slides: 28