BYZANTINE The Return of the Roman Empire Review

BYZANTINE The Return of the Roman Empire

Review � � � What had happened to the old Roman Empire? Why had the Western part crumbled? Where was the new center of the Roman Empire?

3. New Emperor � � 527 C. E. (A. D. ) Justinian ascended to the throne He was not only the head of state, but head of the church Had absolute power He decided to reclaim Rome from the German tribes, notably the Ostrogoths

4. Differences in New Rome � � Byzantine had a hard time communicating with the West (where Rome was) The capital was Constantinople People spoke Greek, not Latin Citizens felt as thought they were sharing the Roman traditions still even though they weren’t in Rome

5. New Law � � � Justinian ordered the laws of Rome to be combed through Outdated laws were removed; new laws created New code known as Justinian’s Code

6. New Law � � Dealt with marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal justice Combination of the Twelve Tables from the West, and Hammurabi’s Code from the East.

7. Building a New Capital � Justinian worked to rebuild Constantinople � Built a 14 mile stone wall on the coast � Repaired the Western wall � Crowning glory was the Hagia Sophia � “Holy Wisdom” � Had been a church and been destroyed in 532 � Was considered the most splendid church

The Hagia Sophia � The exterior of the church, which still stands today

Interior View

10. Retaining Culture � � Byzantine kept the Roman-Greco cultures alive by teaching the classics Children learned the Greek and Latin grammar Students learned about Homer Preserved the culture for the world

11. Answer the ? s � � Why was the Eastern Empire important? What did Justinian do to improve the new capital city? How did Justinian keep order? In what ways did Byzantine keep Greco-Roman culture?

12. Religious Split � � Christianity developed differently between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires In the West, the Pope became the central figure In the East, Christianity developed from works of early church fathers, like St. Basil. A dispute arose over icons- East banned it, West approved

13. Differences � West- Roman Catholicism � Pope is the head over all others � Services are done in Latin � Priests can’t marry � No Divorce � East- Eastern Orthodoxy � Emperor heads all patriarchs and bishops � Services done in Greek � Priests can marry � Divorce is allowed under certain conditions

14. Excommunication � � The Pope excommunicated the Byzantine emperor 1054 - got even worse The patriarch, the head of the Eastern Church, and the pope, head of the Western Church, excommunicated one another from the church Led to the official split of the church: Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

15. East Converts Slavs � � The Eastern church converted Slavs, who lived near the Black Sea St. Methodius and St. Cyril worked with the Slavs They invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages Known as the Cyrillic alphabet

16. Answer the ? s � � Why was there a split in the church? What is excommunication? What were the two religions of the empire? Who helped develop a new alphabet for Slavic languages?

17. Fall of the Empire � � � A series of setbacks would occur The plague came through and destroyed a huge part of the population Foreign enemies attacked the Byzantine Empire constantly Islamic armies rose and began attacking from the Arabian peninsula It would finally fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

18. Answer the ? s � � Compare and contrast the Western Roman and Eastern Byzantine empires Draw a Venn diagram