BYZANTINE EMPIRE Eastern Roman Empire Previously on The
BYZANTINE EMPIRE Eastern Roman Empire
Previously, on “The Fall of Rome” n Emperor Diocletian broke the Roman Empire into two pieces – The Western Roman Empire – The Eastern Roman Empire Emperor Constantine made Christianity legal and created Constantinople, the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire n The Eastern Roman Empire became known as The Byzantine Empire n The Goths sacked Rome in 476 AD n
ROME The Western Empire ² Included Italy, Gaul, Britain, & Spain ² Spoke Latin ² Conquered by the Germanic tribes, 476 ² Broke apart into local political groups BYZANTINE The Eastern Empire ²Included Greece Asia Minor, Syria, & Egypt ²Spoke Greek ²Remains of the old Roman Empire were unified under the Byzantine Empire
Justinian 527 -565 1 st Byzantine Emperor n Undertook massive building projects (Hagia Sophia) n Re-conquered most of the western half of the former Roman Empire n Codified Roman laws
Hagia Sophia
Built in 537, Hagia Sophia has been a cathedral, mosque, & it is now a museum Largest arched dome & cathedral in the world from 5371520
Justinian's Code Body of Law created for the Byzantine Empire. n Codified all Roman laws-10 legal experts studied 400 years of Roman law for 5 years & created a single, uniform code of laws. n Regulated all areas of life: marriage, slavery, property, crime, & women's Rights n n Preserved Roman legal principles and practices. n Considered a milestone because it served as a model for the European legal system.
Empress Theodora n. Wife of Justinian n. Courageous and influential “Every man born to see the light of day must die…but one who has been an emperor can not endure to be a fugitive…but take care that after you are safe, you do not find that you would gladly exchange that safety for death” - Empress Theodora
CHRISTIANITY n Christianity is the belief in Jesus Christ and his teachings. n First Christian faith: Catholicism n Roman Empire would influence the development of the Roman Catholic Church and later its division.
ICON Controversy n 730, Byzantine Emperor Leo III banned the use of icons. (Icon = religious images) Roman Catholic Church wanted the use of “visuals” to help explain the Bible n Result = In 1054 AD the Christian Church split into the development of Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Western Roman Catholicism n
The Great Schism (Permanent division of the Christian Church) Roman Catholic (WEST) Eastern Orthodox (EAST)
The Great Schism Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic/Western Europe v Services in Greek v. Services were in Latin until 1965 v. Pope higher than kings v. Pope, Cardinals, Bishop, Priests v. Priests “married to the church” & cannot marry people v. Divorce not permitted v. Government broke apart into local political units v v v Patriarch and bishops rule together Emperor is higher than patriarch Priests may marry Divorce is permitted Preserved Greek & Roman learning and passed it on to Western and Eastern Europe. Maintained a centralized government
Roman Empire vs. Byzantine Empire n The Byzantine Empire did not experience the conflicts between the church and state that were common in medieval Europe – The Byzantine Emperor played a direct role in the administration of the church “Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years, ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task”
Contributions of the Byzantine Empire 1. Kept the Greek and Roman cultures, traditions, and teachings alive. 2. Codified Roman laws, which influenced later laws & political systems 3. Hagia Sophia: advanced architectural design 4. Spread Christianity & preserved it during Europe’s Dark Ages 5. Center of Trade
Quick Review 1. 2. 3. 4. In 730, the Byzantine Emperor Leo III, banned the use of icons…. what is an icon? List the accomplishments of Justinian. In the Byzantine Empire, one important feature was the development of what religion? Why did the Byzantine Empire preserve Greek and Roman learning?
5. 6. 7. 8. Why is the Justianian Code considered a milestone? Why did Constantinople become the center of the Byzantine Empire? How did the government in Western Europe and Byzantine Empire differ? Why did the Byzantine Empire not experience the conflicts in the church like Europe did?
“Western Europe owned a debt a gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task” Which empire is this quote referring to? 10. What building is this? 9.
Section 2 - Russia
Byzantine Influences in Russia ØAs the East & West grew apart, missionaries competed for Christian converts. Ø Eastern Orthodox missionaries converted Russian Slavs (barbarians) by: 1. Creating a Cyrillic alphabet, allowing Slavs to read The Bible. 2. Opened up highways to Slavic land
RUSSIA DEVELOPS • • In the 800’s: Vikings conquered the Slavs (barbarians) & the cultures began to mix as the Vikings settled down. • Kievan Rus – a loose federation of Slavic tribes • Prince Oleg began to unite the tribes • Set up the capital in the city of Kiev By 880: Kievan Russia based its wealth on trade with the Byzantine Empire • Grew into a small state with its wealth based on trade with Constantinople. • Many early Russian settlements were located on the trade routes between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.
Russia converts to Christianity ² 989: Vladimir I the Great, a former pagan, forced all of Kiev to convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. ² As trade continued, Russian culture grew & absorbed many Greek, Byzantine & Slavic traditions.
CHRISTIANITY SPREADS *Moscow Russia *Kiev Russia * Constantinople
Collapse of the Byzantine Empire, 1400 n Invasions from East and West Bubonic Plague n Schism between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity n Rise of Islam n
Quick Review Who helped Russian civilization adopt aspects of the Byzantine Empire, Cyrillic alphabet and different styles of art and architecture? 2. What was Russia’s wealth based on? 3. What religion did Russia adopt from the Byzantine Empire? 4. Along what bodies of water were most Russian settlements located? 1.
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