Byzantine Definition 1 very complex extremely complex or

Byzantine Definition: 1. very complex, extremely complex or intricate. 2. devious, marked by deviousness or scheming. 3. carried on by underhand means

Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων / Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn İmperium Romanorum 330? -1453? 2

Possible ingredients of the Byzantine soup • Roman in law and administration • Orthodox Christian in religion • Greek in culture and language 3

Persia Mesopotamia Egypt Anatolia Greece /Italy 0 Parthians 500 Sassanians Roman world LATE ROMAN/early b. YZANTıNE ISLAMIC EMPIRES MIDDLE Byzantine 1000 turkic states and crusaders 1500 ottomans/Balkan states late Byzantine

Late Roman/Early Byzantine period (300 -600)

ROMAN EMPIRE: • Emperor and Senate in Rome • Governors sent to provinces to govern with CURIA • Roman law applied to citizens • Legions settled on the frontier • Roman religion and Abrahamic traditions 6

Third century crisis

Diocletian (284 -305) Constantine the Great (306 -337)

Constantine’s Christianity 325 Foundation of Constantinople 330

Europe year 500 11

Justinian (527 -565) 12

13

Greogry of Nyssa (Nevsehir) Gregory of Nazianzos (Nenizi village of Aksaray) Cappadocian Fathers St. Basil (of Kayseri)

Father the god Son the god TRINITY Holy spirit the god (all three are persons in one essence) Arius: the son is not equal to the father 15

St. Daniel the Stylite