by Upi BIO DIVERSITY BIO Life DIVERSITY Variety

by. Upi

BIO + DIVERSITY BIO = Life DIVERSITY = Variety

We’ll learn … Biodiversity Concept Indonesian Biodiversity Benefits of Biodiversity

Make your own Biodiversity concept! Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on the planet, including their genes, ecosystems, and community interactions

WWF (1989): Keanekaragaman hidup di bumi, mencakup jutaan spesies tumbuhan, hewan, dan mikroorganisme; materi genetik yang dikandungnya; serta ekosistem yang dibangun sehingga menjadi sebuah lingkungan hidup

Norse et al. (1986) Genetic Biodiversity variety of different versions of same genes within a species Species Biodiversity variety of different kinds of organisms within a community Ecological Biodiversity variety of different characteristi cs (Biotic and abiotic factors)

Perbedaan gen menyebabkan adanya variasi dalam spesies yang sama KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (keanekaragaman dalam satu spesies)

Keanekaragaman pada spesies yang berbeda KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (PADA SETIAP SPESIES YANG SAMA)

Perbedaan faktor Biotik dan Abiotik dalam suatu ekosistem KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (PADA SETIAP SPESIES YANG SAMA)

megabiodiversitas Fauna Oriental, Australis & Peralihan Flora Malesiana Flora & Fauna Endemik Langka Koordinat geografis: 06° 04' 30"LU (Pulau Rondo) - 11° 00' 36"LS (Pulau Dana) dan dari 94° 58' 21"BT (Pulau Benggala) - 141° 01' 10"BT (Sungai Torasi) Wilayah: total darat: 1. 922. 570 km² daratan non-air: 1. 829. 570 km² daratan berair: 93. 000 km² lautan: 3. 257. 483 km² http: //id. wikipedia. org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia

Fauna Oriental, Australis & Peralihan Oriental Peralihan Australis Garis Wallace dan Webber : membagi Indonesia menjadi 3 bagian

Fauna ORIENTAL • Mamalia berukuran besar. • Banyak jenis primata. • Warna bulu burung kurang Fauna PERALIHAN Transisi Oriental. Australis (Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara) hewan-hewan dengan ciri khas tersendiri. Ex: komodo di Pulau Komodo (NTT), babi rusa, anoa dan burung maleo di Sulawesi AUSTRALIS • Mamalia berukuran kecil. • Mamalia berkantong. • Warna bulu burung beragam dan menarik.

titik balik rasi bintang Cancer & rasi bintang Capricornus : 23° 27’ LU dan 23° 27’ LS Tropical Rainforests mainly grow in Three different regions; 1. The Malesian botanical subkingdom which includes Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuata, parts of Indochina, tropical Australia 2. Tropical South and Central America, Amazon Basin mywhite-2014 3. West and Central Africa.

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• The average temperature (suhu rata) is between 20 and 29 o. C ( 68 and 84 o. F. ) • The rainfall (curah hujan) count is greater then 1, 800 to 2, 500 mm a year. • The average humidity (kelembaban) is between 77 and 88% • Evergreen Tree produce 40% of earth oxygen • Many layers and consists of Epiphytes and Lianas • High animal and vegetal diversity • Close Nutrient Cycle (Siklus hara tertutup)

Emergent layer : Lapisan penembus, Highest layer; trees can be 200 feet high; Sunlight is plentiful up. Animals found are eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. Canopy layer : Upper canopy; Lapisan penutup, trees can be 60 to 130 feet high; Most trees have smooth, oval leaves that come to a point; Most of the rainforest’s animals live; so much food that some animals never go down. Understory layer : Lower canopy; Lapisan bawah, consists of 60 foot tree; Little sunshine reaches here (2 -5% sunlight) so the plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight. Little air movement; Constant shade; Many animals live here including jaguars, redeyed tree frogs and leopards and many insects. Forest floor: Lantai hutan, very dark; 0 -2% sunlight; Things begin to decay very quickly;

Stratification of Niches in a Tropical Rain Forest Emergent layer 45 Harpy eagle 40 Height (meters) 35 Toco toucan Canopy 30 25 20 Understory Wooly opossum 15 10 Brazilian tapir 5 0 Black-crowned antpitta mywhite-2014 Shrub layer Ground layer

Values of Biodiversit y Ecological values Economic values Cultural values