By samah alfar 0127943 OUT LINE Family Definition

By samah alfar 0127943

OUT LINE Family Definition Types of Families Family Functions Family Values Family Life-style Family dynamics Calgary Family Assessment Model(CFAM Family Roles Family and nurse Conclusion- summary- article

OBJECTIVE At the end of this seminar the student will be able to Define family define family type definevalu

FAMILY Social system of two or more people Define themselves as a family Share bonds of emotional closeness

DEFINITIONS OF THE FAMILY A social unit interacting with the larger society (Johnson, 1984) A primary group of people living in a household proximity and intimate relationship (Helvic, 1981)

ACCORDING TO STUART (1991) FAMILY HAS FIVE CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES The family is a system or unit Its members may or may not be related or may not live together The unit may or may not contain children There is commitment and attachment among unit members that include future obligation The unit care-giving functions consist of protection, nourishment, and socialization of its members.

TYPES OF FAMILIES Nuclear Family. Joint Family. Reconstituted families. Single-parent families.

NUCLEAR Nuclear conjugal: husband, wife, and children Nuclear dyads: married couple without children under 18 living in home Children may be biological or adopted Dual-earner: two working parents with or without children Found in all societies. Authority and decision making power lies with the husband (head of the family). Wife has the role of rearing children. Changing trend: wife is also having participation in generating family income and decision making. Influence on family matter by relatives is negligible.

JOINT FAMILY (EXTENDED) Include family members other than spouses or children. Husband wife children + uncles aunts cousins and grand children. May include stepkin Share expenses and tasks Live in close proximity and provide mutual support. Joint Family Also called extended family system. Have representatives of three or four generations.

RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES Reconstituted families Divorced or widowed adults with new spouse, step children

SINGLE-PARENT Most common family served by community health nurse Consists of adult woman or man and children

STEPFAMILIES Two adults, at least one of whom has remarried Can include children from previous marriage Can include children from the new marriage

GRANDPARENT-HEADED Older person or grandparent is head of household Comprise approximately 7% of U. S. families Many factors contribute to grandparent-headed families

FOSTER At least one adult and one or more foster children Children placed by the court system May contain the adult’s own biological or adopted children Higher incidence of mental disorders in foster children

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS

FAMILY FUNCTIONS The family acts to achieve a balance between individuals needs and family goals; this is accomplished through family function.

THREE DECADES AGO, THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY WERE DELINEATED AS: Social Reproduction Economic Cooperation and sexual relation

TODAY, THE FOCUS HAS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE: Affection Security Identity Seek of belonging Socialization, and Control functions

FAMILY VALUES ARE APPARENT IN RELATION TO THEIR VIEWS Recreation in practice perspective Education in practice perspective Health in practice perspective

RECREATION All members included priorities. EDUCATION Exciting Important Threatened by teacher Teacher → Friends Teachers → Authority figures FAMILY HEALTH Nutritional status Recreation Exercise activities Sleeping patterns Use health resources PRACTICES:

FAMILY LIFE-STYLE CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE WAY A FAMILY CONDUCTS ITS Day-to-day living, Communication patterns, Decision making abilities Process Person Crisis responses, and Values and attitudes toward health. Don't forget that there are differences between your perception and the family perceptions

FAMILY DYNAMICS Balance of power and division of labor (roles) If imbalance effect occurs, then Divorce Run away Violence

CALGARY FAMILY ASSESSMENT MODEL (CFAM ) THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES: Family Structural Assessment Family Developmental Assessment Family Functional Development

1. FAMILY STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT Internal Structure Family composition: Rank order : position of children in family with respect to age Subsystems: all members of household as defined by the family smaller clusters within family e. g. husband-wife Boundary: to protect the differentiation of subsystems, may be clear, diffuse, rigid. ( who participate &how)

* EXTERNAL STRUCTURE Culture Religion Social class Environment Extended family (origin)

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS The genogram and the ecomap are two tools that are particularly helpful. The nurse uses them in outlining the family's internal and external structures.

GENOGRAM Is a diagram of the family, it shows the structure of intergenerational relationships ECOMAP Is a diagram of the family's contact with others outside of the immediate family. It pictures the important connections between the family and the world.

KEYS

BLANK GENOGRAM

SAMPLE FAMILY GENOGRAM .

SAMPLE FAMILY ECOMAP.

SAMPLE ON ECOMAP

2. FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT 1. Instrumental functioning 2. Expressive Functioning

3. FAMILY FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT 1. INSTRUMENTAL FUNCTIONING Daily living Eating Sleeping Preparing meals Changing dressing Injection

2. EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONING Emotional communication Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Circular communication Problem-Solving Roles Control (money, vocations) Beliefs Alliances (focus on the directionality, balance of the relationships between family members)

FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT Stages Tasks Attachments

STAGES Marriage: the joining of families Families with infants Families with preschoolers Families with school children Families with teen agers Middle-aged families Aging families

NURSING FOCUS Identify/assess family stage Assess degree that family has achieved developmental task Assess family engagement in action that promotes accomplishment of developmental tasks

WHY NURSES WORK WITH FAMILIES To reduce the factors that damage health. To enhance good health and well being. To strengthen self-care and coping.

WHAT DO NURSES OFFER TO FAMILIES Health promotion. Disease prevention and early detection. Home care.

HEALTH SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS Family attitudes toward health and response to illness Access to and use of health care services

FAMILY CRISIS Occurs when family faces a seemingly-insolvable problem

TYPES OF FAMILY CRISES Situational Family experiences an event that is sudden, unexpected, and unpredictable Maturational Normal transition point Exchange old patterns and roles for new

CURRENT TRENDS AFFECTING FAMILY STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS INJORDAN Big family size. Increasing access to education for women. Delaying marriage. Poverty and widening the gap between the rich and poor. Increasing rates of divorce. Changing and blurring of gender role. Growing women’s employment. Awareness of domestic violence.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES Don't forget that each family is unique At the same time, every family is like every other family

CERTAIN COMMON CHARACTERISTICS ARE: Every family is a small social system Every family has its own cultural values and rules Every family has structure Every family has certain basic functions Every family move through stages in its life cycle

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES A healthy family is a well-functioning family. Though, analysis of family in terms of how it meets the basic functions is not enough to give a picture of its health status. One means of viewing family health is by examining family strength ; seven ( 7 ) majors ones: Family Pride ( ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺰﺍﺯ Family Support ( ) ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ Cohesion ( ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺤﺎﻡ ) Adaptability Religious Orientation Communication Social Support )

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES The literature on families describes health families as having six important characteristics: Healthy families were described as having six important characteristics. There is a Facilitative process of interaction among the family members. They enhance individual member development. Their relationships are structured effectively. They actively attempt to cope with the problems. They have a healthy home environment and life-style. They establish regular links with broader community.

A CULTURAL ASSESSMENT WOULD INCLUDE LET THE FAMILY DEFINE HEALTH The family's definition of health and illness family's approach to health maintenance and a disease prevention Family's beliefs regarding illness-cure treatment * Folk medicine Cultural preference related to food Degree of identification with cultural Family functioning. Child rearing practices Values regarding and space group

FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Primary prevention-aggregate level Advocate Environmental protection Social justice Availability of health promotion and illness prevention services Teach coping skills

PRIMARY PREVENTION FAMILYFOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level Health promotion and protection Educate family members Safety Nutrition Physical activity/rest Illness prevention Teaching effective hygiene Referring for immunizations

SECONDARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level Assist families in obtaining needed care Help families deal with problems Link families with services Crisis intervention Population level Alert health policy makers to need for family services Initiate plans for programs

TERTIARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level Assist families in coping with long-term health problems Assist in dealing with consequences Assist families with loss of loved one Population/aggregate Advocate level for development of respite services for family caretakers Create support groups for crisis-prone families

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

RESOURCES National Council on Family Relations Community health nursing book

ARTICLE