BY MR CONNOLLY CH 12 THE AGE OF

BY: MR. CONNOLLY CH. 12 THE AGE OF JACKSON

Jackson’s Presidency Seen by many as a turning point First Western President Age of the Common Man- growth of involvement by citizens in public life

1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for the Presidency Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain” Jackson tells people that Adams represents the wealthy

The Democratic-Republican party splits Those that support Jackson- Democrats Jackson’s opponents - Whigs

Adams had big plans Build canals and roads Aid education and science Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening

1828 More people can vote! Voter restrictions go down almost all over the country

Jacksonian democracy End of property qualifications Spoils system New forms of campaigning

Changing Politics Nominating conventions Campaign methods

Jackson was from a humble background People saw him as a champion of the everyday man

Jackson the Man Studied law Bought and sold land Fought in war of 1812 Became a national hero for the Battle of New Orleans “Old Hickory”

Soon after becoming President, his wife dies

All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich and poor The party at the White House was so wild that Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel

Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but he had another one ahead 3 major issues: The status of Native Americans The rights of the states The role of the Bank of the United States

Visual Summary MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY Back to Transparencies

JACKSON’S POLICY TOWARD NATIVE AMERICANS

The Five Civilized Tribes 100, 000 Native Americans still in the Southeast Cherokee Chickasaw Choctaw Creek Seminole

The Cherokee Had their own constitution Their own newspaper But when gold was discovered, the government comes up with a plan to get rid of them

The Cherokee Alphabet

Jackson and the Indians Jackson believed that Native Americans could ally with foreign invaders They can either adopt white culture Or go west That’s it!

Jackson believed removing Native Americans would help them maintain their culture ? ? ?

Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect Back to Transparencies

Indian Removal Act of 1830 The government begins to negotiate to send the Indian tribes West Trade Eastern lands for Western lands Give them money food and rifles for one year It wasn’t much of a negotiation

The Cherokee resist moving Cherokee Nation v. Georgia John Marshall rules that the Cherokee are a dependent nation Federal, not state law

Worcester v. Georgia passes a law in 1830 Any white person living with Cherokee without a license will go to jail Sam Worcester becomes a victim

John Marshall frees Worcester, and determines that the Cherokee are not bound by state law Jackson doesn’t care

By 1838, the government comes for the Cherokee Over 16, 000 Cherokee are forced from their homes and put into camps That winter, they are force marched from Georgia to Oklahoma

BACK TO LESSON Removal of Native Americans, 1820– 1840 Back to Maps

Over a quarter of them died along the way Called the Trail of Tears

CONFLICT OVER STATES’ RIGHTS

SECTIONALISM IS PULLING THE COUNTRY APART

There are three big issues Sale of public lands Internal improvements tariffs

Sale of public land The government is raising money by selling land out West Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap They will lose workers in the factories Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas

Internal improvements Northeasterners and Westerners wanted more roads and canals Food and raw materials can go to the Northeast Manufactured goods can go West Southerners didn’t want these things Paid for by tariffs

The Trouble with Tariffs Southerners are growing so much cotton that they ship it to England France They buy stuff from these countries, but have to pay extra in tariffs Southern economy depends on foreign trade, but foreign goods cost more

This leads to conflict between North and South

1828 - J. Q. Adams raises tariffs The South goes nuts! They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination (an abomination is a hateful thing)

John C. Calhoun comes up with nullification to combat the tariff A state can refuse to obey a federal law that it considers unconstitutional

This was an OLD argument: states’ rights Some supported a strong federal government Andrew Jackson Daniel Webster Some supported the states John C. Calhoun Senator Hayne

Daniel Webster- a senator from Mass. And one of the greatest speakers of his time “It is the people that make up the Union, not the states” “Liberty and Union, now and forever”

Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over nullification

South Carolina threatens to secede, or break away, from the Union Jackson responds with gathering the army Congress reduces the tariff, thanks to Henry Clay

Henry Clay Missouri Compromise Nullification Crisis Earns the name “ The Great Compromiser”

SOON, JACKSON WILL START ANOTHER FIGHT, WITH THE NATIONAL BANK

2 nd Bank of the United States Most powerful bank in the country The bank president controlled the nations money supply

Nicholas Biddle runs the bank He’s made loans to members of Congress He brags about being able to influence Congress

Jackson decides to shut him down Moves federal funds from the National Bank to state banks Cripples the National Bank

The bank needs a charter, or permission by the government to run Jackson vetoes the renewal He declares the bank unconstitutional

Many feel Jackson has gone too far Henry Clay called him a tyrant

Jackson won the re-election in 1832, so he takes it as a sign that he was right Eventually, he stamps out the bank in 1836 He won the battle, but the economy was a casualty

Increase in prices and decrease in value Jackson tries to fight this by making everybody pay in gold or silver

When Jackson leaves, the nation is prospering It doesn’t last