By Mark Campbell Biography Full name John Towner

By: Mark Campbell

Biography Full name: John Towner Williams Born February 8, 1932 Son of a percussionist

The Young Musician • Always had an interest in music • Wanted to become a concert pianist • At 16, started his own jazz band • At 19, premiered his first original piece, a piano sonata. • Studied orchestration at UCLA and the Los Angeles City College • Attended Julliard to study piano

Welcome to Hollywood • Returned to California in the late 1950 s • Wanted to start a career in Hollywood • Started as a piano player

From Television to Films • Starting composing for television • Won an Emmy in Outstanding Acheivement in Musical Composition for his work in Jane Eyre and Heidi • Success led to composing for film

Fiddler on the Roof • Won his first Oscar in Best Original Scoring Adaption and Original Song Score for Fiddler on the Roof

Williams and Spielberg: A Blockbuster Team Williams composed all but 2 of Spielberg’s films Some major collaborations include: • Jaws • Close Encounters of the Third Kind • Raiders of the Lost Ark • E. T. The Extra-Terrestial • Jurassic Park

Williams and Lucas • Composed the score for Star Wars in 1977 • Won Best Original Score for Star Wars • Best-selling score only soundtrack • Continued and wrote the scores for The Empire Strikes Back and The Return of the Jedi • Received Academy Award nominations for both sequels

And the winner is… Awards: 5 Academy Awards 2 Emmys 3 Golden Globes 6 Saturns 7 BAFTA awards 18 Grammys

Orchestra Conductor • In 1980, named Conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra • Retired as conductor in 1993 • Boston Pops Laureate Conductor • Has appeared as a guest conductor : -London Symphony -Cleveland Orchestra -Philadelphia Orchestra -Chicago Symphony -Pittsburgh Symphony -Dallas Symphony -San Francisco Symphony -Los Angeles Philharmonic

Let the Games Begin! • Composed the Olympic Fanfare and Theme for the Los Angeles Games in 1984. • Received an Emmy for Olympic Fanfare and Theme • Composed Summon the Heroes in 1988 • Composed Call of the Champions for 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City • In 2003, awarded the Olympic Order

National Medal of Arts Honor for Artistic Excellence “These individuals and organizations show us how many ways art works every day. They represent the breadth and depth of American architecture, design, film, music, performance, theatre, and visual art” -NEA Chairman Rocco Landesman

Composition History Star Wars Main Title from Star Wars: Episode IV- A New Hope The Raiders March from Raiders of the Lost Ark Olympic Fanfare and Theme

Star Wars Main Title • Composed in 1977 • Associated with the film’s protagonist, Luke Skywalker, adventure, and heroism • Gives “the beginning of the record the feeling of an overture” • Nominated for album of the year at the Grammy Awards • Won an Oscar for Best Original Score • Best-selling score-only soundtrack of all time

The Raiders March • Known as the Indiana Jones Theme • Nominated for Best Original Score at the Academy Awards • Won Grammy for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special in 1982 • Originally two pieces but Williams, at Spielberg’s recommendation, created a combo

Olympic Fanfare and Theme • Composed for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles • Conducted the debut at the Opening Ceremony at the Los Angeles Coliseum • According to Williams, this song represented “the spirit of cooperation, or heroic achievement, all the striving and preparation that go before the events and all the applause that comes after them”

Listening Guide

Star Wars Main Title 0: 00 Opens with a fanfare from the brass and percussion. 0: 08 The full orchestra enters with the brass instruments staying strong with the main theme of this piece. 0: 17 Percussion keeps a strong, even rhythm resulting in a march-like beat. 0: 25 The woods have their moment with strings, and play the melody legato which brings a lighter moment in the music. 0: 39 The brass and percussion coming in forte. 0: 48 The orchestra repeats theme featured at 0: 08. 1: 06 Brass continues to play while the other instruments stop. Brass decrescendo. Flutes have small solo. 1: 37 Orchestra begins to crescendo with the percussion and brass. 1: 45 Brass and percussion play a strong beat, very staccato. Then followed by the rest of the orchestra coming in. 2: 06 Brass as the melody leads the way back to theme. 2: 14 The woods and strings then bring a more calm and peaceful part. 2: 24 Whole orchestra plays the main theme. 2: 41 The strings play the melody again. 2: 56 Brass and percussion enter to lead into the chorus. Orchestra plays allegro. Slowly decrescendos. 3: 16 Strings have a solo. As the strings crescendo, the brass and percussion entering forte. 3: 59 The main theme is repeated and played allegro. 4: 20 The brass and percussion fade. The strings again play theme legato. 4: 35 Full orchestra plays together to crescendo into the final part of the music. 4: 59 Music softens before increasing tempo and loudness. 5: 19 Strong deliberate notes end the piece. The percussion creates a drum roll-like beat, lasting the last thirty seconds of the piece with the brass making the final note together with the full orchestra.

Olympic Fanfare and Theme 0: 00 Brass fanfare with percussion begin the song with the main theme. 0: 45 Trumpet fanfare. Including percussion. All orchestra enters. 1: 00 Brass backs off and just a little drumming on the snare drum. 1: 07 Strings and snare drum playing together legato. This is followed by small part of brass and woods. 1: 37 Strings and low brass and woods play the melody together with high brass chiming in here and there. 1: 52 Strings and the low brass play together piano. 2: 07 French horns, woods, percussion, and low brass play together followed by high brass entering forte. 2: 37 The woodwinds play with percussion. High brass enters again to crescendo into the main theme. 2: 54 Trumpets fanfare 3: 07 Percussion solo, followed by high brass and entire orchestra, with high brass cresendoing. 3: 37 The full orchestra playing the main theme together allegro. 4: 00 Strong high brass and percussion and then full orchestra hits final note together and fades away.

The Raiders March 0: 00 Trumpets begin with fanfare for Indiana Jones theme with little amount by percussion section. Slight crescendo before full orchestra begins. 0: 37 Full orchestra has entered, woods begin melody with the brass and percussion entering together cresendo in the next part of the song. 1: 07 The brass and percussion leads to theme, sounding like a march. 1: 18 Orchestra repeats theme forte, percussion beats an even tempo. Cymbals enter at peak of theme. 1: 37 Strong presence from the brass and percussion play allegro the main part of the march with the strings and woods playing the softer side. This leads into the next part with a decrescendo. 2: 07 The woods and strings decrescendo into a softer and peaceful tone and continue this with a strong presence by the French horns. The music gradually goes up and down like a wave. 2: 40 Music continues legato with the softness of the woods, strings, and French horns with crescendo and decrescendo. 3: 20 The music becomes more forte. The softness begins to fade and the lower brass begins the transition to the main theme with high brass entering. 3: 55 Low brass leads into high brass into the main theme. 4: 00 The full orchestra enters forte to be playing the melody of the main theme allegro. Strong percussion sets a steady rhythm. 4: 35 Strong percussion and high brass continue theme and full orchestra comes in for to finish strong.

References 20 February 2008. 26 September 2011. <http: //www. johnwilliams. org/>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science. The Official Academy Awards Database. n. d. 26 September 2011. <http: //awardsdatabase. oscars. org/ampas_awards/Basic. Search. Input. jsp>. History. n. d. 28 September 2011. <http: //www. starwarsthemusic. com/history>. IMDb. "John Williams. " n. d. The Internet Movie Database. 24 September 2011. <http: //www. imdb. com/name/nm 0002354/>. —. Raiders of the Lost Ark. n. d. 29 September 2011. <http: //www. imdb. com/title/tt 0082971>. "IOC awards the Olympic Order to John Williams. " 01 May 2003. Olympic. org: Official Website of the Olympic Movement. 25 September 2011. <http: //www. olympic. org/media? articleid=56284>. Lintgen, Arthur. "Classical Recording: Williams- "Star Wars 30 th Anniversary Collector's Edition. " Fanfare The Magazine for Serious Record Collectors March 2008: 281 -283. London Symphony Orchestra. "John Williams- Greatest Hits 1969 -1999. " cond. John Williamsn. By John Williams. 2009. "Raiders of the Lost Ark: Editorial Review. " 28 December 2008. Film. Tracks. 28 September 2011. <http: //www. filmtracks. com/titles/raiders. html>. "White House Announces 2009 National Medal of Arts Recipients. " 25 February 2010. National Endowment for the Arts. 30 September 2011. <http: //www. nea. gov/news 10/Medals. html>.