BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKING Chapter 8 Backbone Networks
![BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING Chapter 8 Backbone Networks Fitz. Gerald ● Dennis ● BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING Chapter 8 Backbone Networks Fitz. Gerald ● Dennis ●](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-1.jpg)
BUSINESS DATA COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING Chapter 8 Backbone Networks Fitz. Gerald ● Dennis ● Durcikova Prepared by Taylor M. Wells: College of Business Administration, California State University, Sacramento 8 Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
![Outline • Components • Architectures – Switched Backbone Networks – Routed Backbone Networks – Outline • Components • Architectures – Switched Backbone Networks – Routed Backbone Networks –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-2.jpg)
Outline • Components • Architectures – Switched Backbone Networks – Routed Backbone Networks – Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Best Practices • Implications for Management Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -2
![Backbone Networks • High-speed network that connects other networks together (LANs, WANs) • Distribution Backbone Networks • High-speed network that connects other networks together (LANs, WANs) • Distribution](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-3.jpg)
Backbone Networks • High-speed network that connects other networks together (LANs, WANs) • Distribution layer BNs connect access LANs • Core layer BNs connect different buildings Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -3
![Backbone Network Components • Network cables (often fiber for higher data rates) • Switches Backbone Network Components • Network cables (often fiber for higher data rates) • Switches](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-4.jpg)
Backbone Network Components • Network cables (often fiber for higher data rates) • Switches – Layer-2 switches are “transparent” devices that do not change messages, only read and forward them (see Ch. 7) • Managed switches have configuration options and management features – e. g. , spanning tree protocol (STP) or SNMP – VLAN switches or layer-3 switches are a devices combine the features of Layer-2 switches and routers, primarily for virtual LANs Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -4
![Backbone Network Components • Routers – Network layer devices that connect different networks – Backbone Network Components • Routers – Network layer devices that connect different networks –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-5.jpg)
Backbone Network Components • Routers – Network layer devices that connect different networks – TCP/IP gateways – Not “transparent” devices • Messages are passed up to the network layer including stripping off data link layer frames • Routers respond to ARP (and other messages) – Read IP addresses and determine best route – Routing requires more processing than switches Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -5
![Backbone Network Layers • Separate from the layers of the Internet or OSI models, Backbone Network Layers • Separate from the layers of the Internet or OSI models,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-6.jpg)
Backbone Network Layers • Separate from the layers of the Internet or OSI models, sections of backbone networks are referred to as three different hierarchical layers 1. Access layer - How users access network (LAN, WLAN) 2. Distribution layer - BN that connects access layer to core layer (within building) 3. Core layer - Connects BNs between buildings and to WAN/Internet Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -6
![Backbone Network Architectures • Three major types of BNs are based on the devices Backbone Network Architectures • Three major types of BNs are based on the devices](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-7.jpg)
Backbone Network Architectures • Three major types of BNs are based on the devices used 1. Switched backbones 2. Routed backbones 3. Virtual LANs • In practice, it is most common to use a combination of these architectures Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -7
![Switched Backbone Networks • Most common type of BN used in the distribution layer Switched Backbone Networks • Most common type of BN used in the distribution layer](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-8.jpg)
Switched Backbone Networks • Most common type of BN used in the distribution layer • Uses layer-2 switches • Switches come in different form factors – Desktop – Rack-mounted – Chassis • Star topology • Physical location of devices – More common to locate centrally in main distribution facility (MDF) or other wiring closets Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -8
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Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -9
![Switched Backbone Networks Patch Panels Patch Cables Chassis Switch (4 - 100 Base-T ports) Switched Backbone Networks Patch Panels Patch Cables Chassis Switch (4 - 100 Base-T ports)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-10.jpg)
Switched Backbone Networks Patch Panels Patch Cables Chassis Switch (4 - 100 Base-T ports) Switches (24 port, 100 Base-T) Backbone Connection (1000 Base-F) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -10
![Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-11.jpg)
Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -11
![Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-12.jpg)
Switched Backbone Networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -12
![Routed Backbone Networks • Sometimes called subnetted backbones or hierarchical backbones • Typically used Routed Backbone Networks • Sometimes called subnetted backbones or hierarchical backbones • Typically used](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-13.jpg)
Routed Backbone Networks • Sometimes called subnetted backbones or hierarchical backbones • Typically used at core layer, but sometimes at distribution layer • Advantages – LAN segmentation • Disadvantages – Tend to be slower – More expensive – Harder to manage Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -13
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Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -14
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Routers segment networks based on physical location (i. e. , Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Routers segment networks based on physical location (i. e. ,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-15.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Routers segment networks based on physical location (i. e. , the cables connected to it) • Devices in different physical locations may need to access to the same LAN resources • VLANs perform flexible LAN segmentation so that it can based on logical instead of physical design • VLANs are enabled by high-speed layer-3 switches • Much more complex to manage and typically only used in large networks Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -15
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-16.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -16
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Each VLAN identified by VLAN ID which is mapped to Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Each VLAN identified by VLAN ID which is mapped to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-17.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Each VLAN identified by VLAN ID which is mapped to traditional IP subnet • Each device assigned into a VLAN based on the physical port • VLANs are transparent • Require router or Layer-3 switch Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -17
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Simple single-switch example VLAN 10 VLAN 20 1 2 3 Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Simple single-switch example VLAN 10 VLAN 20 1 2 3](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-18.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Simple single-switch example VLAN 10 VLAN 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Layer-3 Switch Ports Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -18
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Multiswitch VLANs – L 3 -switches communicate using inter-switch protocols Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Multiswitch VLANs – L 3 -switches communicate using inter-switch protocols](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-19.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Multiswitch VLANs – L 3 -switches communicate using inter-switch protocols that support VLANs – VLAN trunks are circuits that connect two VLAN switches – VLAN tag inserted into Ethernet frame (e. g. , 802. 1 Q) or encapsulates frame (e. g. ISL) Preamble & Delimiter (8 bytes) Destination Address (6 bytes) Source Address (6 bytes) 802. 1 Q Header (2 bytes) Type (2 bytes) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Data (46 -1500 bytes) CRC (4 bytes) 8 -19
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-20.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -20
![Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Advantages – More flexible subnetting – Better managed traffic flow Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Advantages – More flexible subnetting – Better managed traffic flow](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-21.jpg)
Virtual LANs (VLANs) • Advantages – More flexible subnetting – Better managed traffic flow which may lead to faster performance – Traffic prioritization • Can include quality of service information in tag • Disadvantages – Complex – May increase management when VLAN memberships change – Layer 3 switches are more costly than L 2 Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -21
![Best Practices • Architecture – Switched has best cost to performance ratio at the Best Practices • Architecture – Switched has best cost to performance ratio at the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-22.jpg)
Best Practices • Architecture – Switched has best cost to performance ratio at the distribution layer – Most organizations use routed at the core layer – VLANs are becoming more widely used, especially for organizations needing the flexibility • Technologies – Gigabit Ethernet for distribution layer – Gigabit Ethernet or faster for core layer – Redundant devices and connections Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -22
![Best Practices Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Best Practices Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-23.jpg)
Best Practices Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -23
![Improving Backbone Performance • Devices • Circuits • Demand Copyright © 2015 John Wiley Improving Backbone Performance • Devices • Circuits • Demand Copyright © 2015 John Wiley](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-24.jpg)
Improving Backbone Performance • Devices • Circuits • Demand Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -24
![Implications for Management • Cost and necessity of upgrading BNs will grow as demand Implications for Management • Cost and necessity of upgrading BNs will grow as demand](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e110113a57b7c953c8f4e4354bbf312/image-25.jpg)
Implications for Management • Cost and necessity of upgrading BNs will grow as demand increases • VLAN backbones provide flexibility and are becoming increasingly popular • As with LANs, Ethernet is now the predominant protocol in BNs Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 -25
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