Business Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc 1 1
Business Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -1
Business Bagian Satu: Memahami Lingkungan Bisnis Kontemporer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Memahami Sistem Bisnis di AS Memahami Lingkungan Bisnis Memahami Kewirausahaan dan Kepemilikan Bisnis Memahami Konteks Global dari Bisnis Menjalankan Bisnis dengan Etis dan Bertanggung Jawab Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -2
Bab 1 Memahami Sistem Bisnis di AS 1 -3
Business Kerangka Bab üPengertian “Bisnis” üEvolusi Bisnis di AS üSistem-sistem Ekonomi di Seluruh Dunia üAspek Ekonomi dari Sistem Pasar Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -4
Business Laju Pertumbuhan GDP Real AS www. people. virginia. edu/~lc 7 p/Lecture%206%20 Handout. pdf Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -5
Indeks Harga Konsumen (CPI) AS Business (Dec. - Semua Konsumen Urban) 1982 -1984 - = 100 Source: U. S. Dept. of Labor-Bureau of Labor Statistics Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -6
Business Arti “Bisnis” • Definisi – Bisnis – Keuntungan/Laba (Profit) • • • Pilihan/Permintaan Konsumen Kesempatan & Perusahaan Kualitas Hidup Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -7
Business Evolusi Bisnis AS Era Produksi Era Pemasaran Laissez-Faire & Era Kewirausahaan (Entrepreneurship) Era Global Revolusi Industri Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. Era Informasi & Internet 1 -8
Business Faktor 2 Produksi Ø Tenaga Kerja Ø Modal (Kapital) Ø Pengusaha (Entrepreneur) Ø Sumber Daya Alam Ø Sumber Daya Informasi Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -9
Business What is an Economic System? ØA nation’s system for allocating resources among citizens. ØAssumes resources are scarce thus requiring allocation. ØMarket is mechanism for exchange between Buyer/Seller Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -10
Business Tipe-tipe Sistem Ekonomi Terencana Socialisme Komunisme (Pasar Tercampur) Kapitalisme vs. Pasar Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -11
aran w a n e P Output (Barang & Jasa) an ta in rm Pe Business Aliran Sirkuler Ekonomi an ta in rm Pe Input (Faktor 2 Produksi) Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. ran a w a Pen 1 -12
Business Komunisme • Sistem Ekonomi Terencana • Pemerintah Menguasai – Semua Fasilitas Produksi – Semua Warga menjadi Karyawan Pemerintah – Semua Modal • Semua Keputusan Ekonomi Dikendalikan oleh Pemerintah Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -13
Business Ekonomi Pasar Tercampur “Murni” Terencana “Murni” Pasar Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -14
Business Privatisasi vs. Sosialisme • Privatisasi • Sosialisme Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -15
Business Kapitalisme • Kepemilikan Swasta Private Kepemilikan atas Faktor-faktor Produksi • Keputusan Ekonomi dibuat oleh pemilik • Kebebadan Memutuskan/Memilih Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -16
Business Supply & Demand • Demand- Comes From Buyers – As Price Drops Buyers Purchase More • Supply- Producers’ Willingness – As Price Increase Producers Offer More • Buyers & Suppliers Work Towards Equilibrium = Profit Maximization – Surplus vs. Shortage Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -17
Business Pizza Supply At Given Price High S Low High Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -18
Business Pizza Demand At Given Price High D High Low Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -19
Business Equilibrium (Market Price) High D Surplus S Market Equilibrium Shortage Low High Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -20
Business Private Enterprise ØPrivate Property ØFreedom of Choice ØProfits ØCompetition Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -21
Business Degrees of Competition Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition One Many Monopoly Perfect Competition Sellers Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -22
Business Perfect/Pure Competition • Competition- 2+ Businesses Vie For Same Resources/Customers • Condition- No Single Firm Dominant • Principles – Buyers View Products As Similar – Buyers/Sellers Know Each Others’ Prices/Costs – Easy To Enter/Leave Marketplace – Prices Set By Supply/Demand & Accepted by Sellers/Buyers Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -23
Business Monopolistic Competition • Many Buyers • Fewer Sellers Than Perfect/Pure Competition • Buyer Perception of Product/Brand Differentiation Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -24
Business Oligopoli • Segelintir Pedagang Besar • Market Entry Difficult - High Capital Investment • Strategi Kendali Penjual Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -25
Business Monopoli • Ciri-ciri – Hanya ada 1 produsen – Mengendalikan Penetapan Harga Industri • Monopoli Alamiah – Satu Produsen – Bisa dengan Efisien Memasok semua barang/jasa Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -26
Business Hukum Monopoli AS • Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) • Clayton Act (1914) Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1 -27
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