Business Communication Chapter 4 Basics of English Grammar

Parts of Speech Noun _______ Adjective ______ 4. 1 Parts of Speech and Sentences Adverb ______ Conjunction _____ 2

Sentence Parts Sentence _____ Sentence predicates Objects and subject _____ Direct objects _______ objects Subject _____ © Image Source / Getty Images Using well-structured sentences will help you communicate clearly. 4. 1 Parts of Speech and Sentences 3

Clauses, Phrases, and Fragments Clause: a group of words with a ______and a predicate Phrase: a group of _______ words with ___ subject or predicate Fragment: an ______sentence that may or may not have meaning 4. 1 Parts of Speech and Sentences 4

Sentence Structure _______sentences Example: Theodore sings and acts. _______ sentences Example: Erin loves to ride horses; Manuel loves to draw horses. _______ sentences Example: Although it is important to proofread a written message, many people feel they do not have the time. 4. 1 Parts of Speech and Sentences 5

Nouns Noun: a word used to name ______, places, or ______ Common nouns _______nouns Singular and plural nouns Collective nouns _____ nouns 4. 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 6

Pronouns Pronoun: a word used in the place of a _____ Personal pronouns _______ case Objective case _____ case Intensive and _____pronouns Interrogative and ______ pronouns 4. 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 7

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Pronoun _____: a noun or phrase that is replaced by a pronoun _____and antecedents should agree in: Person Number Gender _____ antecedents Indefinite ______agreement 4. 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 8

Adjectives ______: a word that describes or limits nouns and pronouns Articles Nouns and pronouns used as __________ adjectives 4. 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 9

Adjectives ______of adjectives Positive degree Comparative degree ___________ adjectives 4. 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 10

Verbs Verb: a word that expresses _______, a state of being, or a condition Types of verbs Action verbs ______ verbs State of being verbs 4. 3 Verbs and Adverbs 11

Verbs Tenses Simple tenses _____ Past Future Perfect tenses Present _______ Past perfect _______perfect 4. 3 Verbs and Adverbs 12

Verbs _____ verbs Intransitive verbs Voice _____voice Passive voice 4. 3 Verbs and Adverbs 13

Subject and Verb Agreement Number _____ phrases “A number, ” “the number” Names of companies _____ Compound subjects 4. 3 Verbs and Adverbs 14

Adverbs Adverb: a word that modifies an action verb, an adjective, or another adverb _____adverbs Comparison of adverbs Positive degree Comparative degree _____ degree 4. 3 Verbs and Adverbs 15

Prepositions Preposition: a word that _____a noun or pronoun to other words to form a ______ Prepositions introduce phrases Prepositional _______ may modify: Nouns (acting as adjectives) Action verbs Adjectives Adverbs 4. 4 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 16

Conjunctions Conjunction: a word or _______that joins two or more words, ______, or clauses Coordinate _____ Correlative conjunctions ______ conjunctions Parallel construction 4. 4 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 17

Interjections _____: a word or phrase used primarily to express strong emotion Have no ______ relationship with other words in the sentence 4. 4 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 18

Vocabulary active voice adjective adverb clause collective noun conjunction direct object fragment indirect object interjection noun passive voice phrase possessive noun predicate preposition pronoun antecedent sentence subject verb tense 19