Bus Rapid Transit BRT Developments in China t
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Developments in China 快速公交系统在中国的发展 t 何东全 刘岱宗 t 宇恒可持续交通研究中心 t 威廉与佛罗拉. 休立特基金会 暨 能源基金会支持 t He Dongquan Liu Daizong t China Sustainable Transportation Center t Supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Energy Foundation Visit us at http: //www. chinastc. org China Planning Network 1 st Urban Transportation Congress August 3, 2007, Beijing
About Us 关于我们 The China Sustainable Transportation Center is a non-governmental, nonprofit organization founded and supported by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and The Energy Foundation. 宇恒可持续交通研究中心(CSTC)是一个民间非营利组织,由威廉与佛 洛拉. 休利特基金会与美国能源基金会提供支持。 t Our Mission is “To help China‘s cities design and implement sustainable, multi-modal urban transportation systems, particularly bus rapid transit. ” 宇恒可持续交通研究中心的宗旨是:帮助国内城市设计和实施可持续的、 多元模式的城市交通系统,特别是快速公交(BRT)系统。 t CSTC are working in Beijing, Kunming, Hangzhou, Ji'nan, Xi'an, Shenzhen and Hefei to help develop and implement BRT systems. 目前,宇恒可持续交通研究中心正在北京、昆明、杭州、济南、西安、 深圳和合肥等城市开展 作协助发展、设计与实施当地的快速公交系统。 t Please visit us at 请访问我们的网址 http: //www. chinastc. org t 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Overview 概要 t t t Background 背景 Problems of Urban Transport 城市交通的问题 Why BRT 为什么选择快速公交 BRT Systems in China 中国快速公交系统 Summary 总结 About Us 关于我们 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Vehicle Ownership (millions) Background 背景 High Growth Scenario (12%/year) U. S. Current Level 美国当前水平 Low Growth Scenario (8. 8%/year) Source: Tsinghua University, State Council DRC Motorization 城市机动化 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 Oil Use in China 中国原油消耗 Million barrels per day (mbd) By 2020, China will import 76. 9% of its oil demand t Energy Issue 能源问题 Source: IEA 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 t Severe Traffic Congestion 严重的交通拥堵 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 Passengers Trip rate of Shanghai 上海出行分担比率 Public Transit shrink 公交系统萎缩 t Share of Public Transit decreased 公交出行分担率下降 n Low Operation Speed 公交运营速度低 n Low Service level 公交服务水平低 45% 40% n Percentage 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1990 Year By Bus公交出行 2000 By Car 小汽车出行 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 空气污染 Serious Air Pollutions 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 空气污染 Serious Air Pollutions 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Background 背景 CO 2 Reducing Crisis 二氧化碳污染日益严重 1800 CO 2 Emissions (million metric tons) t Kyoto Target 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Why BRT in China 为什么选择快速公交 Low Environmental Impacts 低污染 集约化的土地利用模式 Intensive land Use 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Why BRT 为什么选择快速公交 t t t Enhance the efficiency of urban resources usage 高效的城市交通资源利用 Improve the quality of public transit 提升公交服务水平 Increase the share of public transit trips 增加公交出行比例 Attract private transportation to public transit 吸引小汽车出行 Social equity 推动社会公平 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Beijing BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006) t Southern Axis BRT Line 1 南中轴快速公交 1号线 n Opened Dec 30, 2005 2 2005年 12月30日投入运营 n 18 month implementation 18个月的建设期 n New Operation Company 新的运营公司 n Low Investment – US$ 4 million/km infrastructure 低投资-每公里造价 3000万人民币 n 13. 6 km exclusive Center busway and 19 stations 13. 6公里中央硬隔 离公交专用道,共设站台 19座 n New 18 m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel 18米长,低底板柴油铰接车辆 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Beijing BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006) t Southern Axis BRT Line 1 南中轴快速公交 1号线 n Average Daily Boarding - 90, 000 (Highest to 200, 000+) 平均日乘客 9万人次 (最高日超20万人次) n Operation Speed – 22 km/h in peak hour and 26 km/h off peak 运营速 度 – 高峰 22公里/小时,平峰速度 26公里/小时 n Reliable Services – 90% on schedule 可靠的服务 – 约 90%车辆准点抵达 n Level Boarding, Off-board fare collection 水平登降,站台售检票 n Flat Fare: US$0. 12 (can be lowed to US$0. 04 by IC card) 一票制: 1元每人次(使用IC卡可 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Beijing BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006) t Southern Axis BRT Line 1 南中轴快速公交 1号线 Frequency of service on peak is 1 min headway (2 -3 min off-peak) 高峰的发车频率约为 1分钟(平 峰为 2 -3分钟) n Transit Signal Priority 公交信号优先 n Advanced Scheduling Dispatch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Passenger Information and video monitoring 先进的发车系统、车辆定位系 统、乘客信息与可视监控系统 n Integration with other mode – Metro, Normal Bus Services and Pedestrians 与其它出行方式的整合:地铁、 普通公交、行人 n 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Beijing BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006) t Future Plan 未来规划 回龙观 居住区 天通苑 居住区 安 立 路 朝阳路 CBD 阜石路 中央商务区 南 中 轴 路 黄村 Image Courtesy of Beijing BRT Company 亦庄经济开发区 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Ji’nan BRT Plan 济南快速公交 (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006) t. Ji’nan BRT Network 济南快速公交网络 n BRT Network 快速公交网络 n Opening System 开放式快速公交系统 n BRT as backbone n 快速公交系统作为公共主干网络 n Start 03/2005, operation 12/ 2007 始于05年 3月,预计 07年 12月竣 n 2 corridors with 3 routes 2条快速公交走廊, 3条线路 n Government founded 政府投资 n 15 km center busway, 26. 2 km routes and 42 station 15公里中央专用道, 线路总长 26. 2 km, 共设车站 42座( 平均站间距 640米) Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Ji’nan BRT Plan 济南快速公交 (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006) t Ji’nan BRT Network 济南快速公交网络 n 18 m, double side door, articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel 18米低底板两侧开门铰接柴油车 n Short term design capacity – 10, 000 pdph (20, 000 pdph for long term) and proposed Operation speed >22 km/h 近期设计单向小时通行能力 1万人 (远期 2万人),设计运行速度大 于22公里/小时 n Reliable services – 90% on schedule with 2 -5 min peak period headway 可靠服务 (90%的车辆准点)高 峰小时车头间距 2 -5分钟 n Off-board fare collection and level boarding 站台售检票,水平登降 Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Hangzhou BRT 杭州快速公交 (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006) t. BRT Line B 1 快速公交B 1线 n Opened April 26, 2006 6年 4月26日开始运营 n 16 month planning and construction 共 16个月的规划与建设期 n Government founded 政府投资 n 28 km dedicated right lane with minimal physical separation (bus lane width is 3. 5 m) 28公里路侧软隔离 3. 5米专用道 n Average station distance – 1. 17 km 平均站距 1. 17公里 n New domestic made 18 m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel 18米长,低底板柴油铰接车 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Hangzhou BRT 杭州快速公交 (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006) t. BRT Line B 1 快速公交B 1线 n Average daily boarding - 40, 000 (Highest to 50, 000+) 平均日乘客量 4万人次 (最高达 5万人 次) n Operation speed – 25 km/h 运营速度 – 25公里/小时 n Peak Headway 3 min (off-peak 5 min) 高峰车头时距 3分钟(平峰 5分钟) n Off-board Fare Collection and Level Boarding 站台售检票和水平登乘 n Flat Fare: US$0. 50 (50% discount by IC Card) 一票制: 4块钱每人次 (使 用IC卡有5折优惠) n Opening system 开放式系统 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Hangzhou BRT 杭州快速公交 (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006) t Future Plan 未来规划 Images Courtesy of Hangzhou Mass Transit Group 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Others 其它城市 Kunming (Spring City) 春城昆明 t Chengdu (Panda’s Hometown) 熊猫故乡成都 t Xi’an (Qin-Soldiers’ Hometown)秦俑西安 t Shenzhen (Window of China) 中国新貌深圳 t Image Courtesy of Cnwest 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Problems and Discussions 问题与讨论 t Ensure “Prioritizing of Public Transit” 确保“公交优先” Ensure “right of way” 路权 n Terminals and Stations 场站用地 n Investment 投资 n Preference Policies 政策支持 n 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Problems and Discussions 问题与讨论 t Establish BRT as a Component for ONE SYSTEM 确认BRT是公交系统的有机组成部 分 Plan and Design BRT with Systematically view 以系统的观念进行设计 n Guiding the public transit system reform 主动推动公交的整体改革,引导普通公 交线网的优化 n Integrate walking and bicycling, enhance the accessibilities 整合慢行系统,确保良好的可达性 n TOD 整合土地利用,引导城市发展 n 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Problems and Discussions 问题与讨论 t Infrastructure, operation, and management go together 设施规划建设,运营和管理必须同时考虑 n More than putting devices in somewhere 不仅仅是设施 n Mutually impacts 三者互相影响 Infrastructure • Exclusive bus lanes • Transfer stations • Conventional Stations Services • Trunk Services • current • express • Feeding services • Auxiliary Services • Institutional and operations management • Technical management • Efficient high capacity operating system • Comercial speeds over 20 km/h • Eletronic fare colection system • Control system • New modern buses 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Problems and Discussions 问题与讨论 t More detailed quantified analysis for decision making 通过更科学的量化分析进行规划和决策 n Demand rideship decide the design 需求决定体系设计 n Demand estimation comes from survey, modeling, operation and management scheme. 通过调查,模拟,运营和管理规划确定 n Offer options and scenarios – Accurate Information-- for decision making 提供详细的方案—准确的信息--必选共决策者决定 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Problems and Discussions 问题与讨论 Address details 注重细节 t Marketing 宣传 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Summary 结论 China focus on solving urban transportation problems by improving the Public Transit service 中国现在希望通过提升公共交通服务来解决城市交通问题 t BRT as a form of sustainable urban transport whose costeffectiveness and flexibility makes it particularly suitable for development in China. 快速公交作为一种可持续发展的城市交 通形式,它的高效率和灵活性使它非常适合中国的可持续发展 t International BRT experience and practice are important to China 国 际快速公交的经验与实践对于中国非常重要 t It’s time to open the BRT Era in China 中国发展快速公交正合时 宜 t 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Supported by 获以下基金会支持: Thank You 谢谢 China Sustainable Transportation Center 宇恒可持续交通研究中心 Email: dqhe@efchina. org TEL: 86 -10 -85261955 2007 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
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