Burns Types of Burns Thermal heat burns Chemical

Burns

Types of Burns • Thermal (heat) burns • Chemical burns • Electrical burns © Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Depth of Burns • Depth (degree) – First-degree (superficial) – Second-degree (partial thickness) – Third-degree (full thickness)

First-Degree Burns (Superficial) • • Redness Mild swelling Tenderness Pain © Amy Walters/Shutter. Stock, Inc.

Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness) • • Blisters Swelling Weeping fluids Intense pain © E. M. Singletary, M. D. Used with permission.

Third-Degree Burns (Full Thickness) • Dead nerve endings • Leathery, waxy skin • Pearly gray or charred skin

Extent of Burns • Rule of the hand – Victim’s hand equals 1% of body surface area. • Which parts of body are burned? • Other injuries or medical conditions? • Is patient elderly or very young?

Care for First-Degree Burns • Cool burn until pain free. • Apply moisturizer such as aloe vera gel. • Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen).

Care for Small Second-Degree Burns • Cool burn until pain free. • Apply antibiotic ointment. • Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing. • Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen). • Seek medical care.

Care for Large Second-Degree and Third-Degree Burns • Remove jewelry and clothing not stuck to burn. • Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing. • Care for shock. • Call 9 -1 -1.

Chemical Burns • Results from caustic or corrosive substance – Acids, alkalis, and organic compounds • Chemicals continue to burn as long as they are in contact with the skin; remove quickly.

Care for Chemical Burns • Brush/flush skin to remove chemical. • Remove contaminated clothing. • Cover burn with dressing. • Seek medical care.

Electrical Burns • Thermal burn (flame) • Arc burn (flash) • True electrical injury

Care for Electrical Burns • Make the scene safe. – Unplug, disconnect, and turn off electricity. • • Check responsiveness and breathing. Provide CPR if needed. Care for shock. Call 9 -1 -1.