BURNS BURNS Types of burns Depths of burns
BURNS
BURNS Types of burns Depths of burns Extent of burns General Treatment Others � Airway burns � Electrical burns � Chemical splashes to eyes
TYPES OF BURNS Dry burns Scalds Cold injury Radiation burns Electrical burns Chemical burns
DRY BURNS Contact with hot objects � E. g. Iron Flames � Open flame � Candle � Lighter Friction � Constant movement of two objects against each other � Causes heat to build up, burning skin
SCALDS Hot Liquids � Boiling water � Hot drinks Steam � Steamer � Kettle
COLD INJURY Contact with metals at low temperatures Frostbite � medical condition where localized damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to freezing.
RADIATION BURNS Sunburns Exposure to radioactive source � Radiotherapy � Nuclear-related accidents Over-exposure to ultra-violet rays
DEPTH OF BURNS Epidermis Dermis (Nerves) Subcutaneous layer Muscles Bone
DEPTH OF BURNS Superficial burns Partial-Thickness burns Full Thickness burns
SUPERFICIAL BURNS Epidermis burnt Skin becomes red, swollen, tender Generally easy to treat
PARTIAL-THICKNESS BURN Epidermis and part of Dermis burnt Large blisters at site of burn Medical Aid required Most painful degree Raw nerves cells exposed � Pain can still be felt �
FULL THICKNESS BURN Entire skin (Epidermis and Dermis burnt) Urgent hospital treatment required Underlying structures severely damaged � Bones � Muscles Painless � Nerves have already been burnt Usually has charring
EXTENT OF BURNS Rule of Nines � � � Head & Neck: 9% Chest and Abdomen: 18% Each Upper limb: 9% Each Lower limb: 18% Back and Buttocks: 18% Crotch: 1% 100%
TREATMENT Ensure Airway Breathing Circulation Cool injured area with room temperature water for at least 10 minutes Gently remove constricting clothing or objects from injured area if possible Cover injured area with sterile dressing or clean, non-fluffy material and bandage loosely Prevent / Treat shock Monitor Level Of Response and vital signs at least every 5 minutes Seek medical help
TREATMENT DO NOT: Break the blisters Force open eyelids if closed Apply lotions, fats, toothpaste, ointments, creams etc. Remove clothing that is stuck to burn
AIRWAY BURNS caused by inhaling smoke, steam, toxic fumes rapid swelling of burned tissue in the airway can quickly block the flow of air to the lungs Singed nose hair (burned nose hair - form of airway burn) Treatment Call for medical help � Reassure casualty � Ask casualty to take slow, deep breaths � Monitor casualty’s Level Of Response and vital signs �
ELECTRICAL BURNS Lightning strikes Contact with electrical appliances Touch electrical mains with wet hands � Electricity pass through conductors e. g. metal rods, wires � Entry and Exit wound Electric current flow through body and out to ground � Burn at entry wound (contact place of electric current) � Burn at exit wound (usually lower part of body) � Treatment � General burns treatment, applied on both entry and exit wound
CHEMICAL BURNS TO EYES Chemicals get to eyes � Eye turns red/swollen � Tearing Treatment � Run eyes under running tap water � Uninjured eye above injured eye (to prevent chemicals from infecting both eyes) � Ask casualty to close eyes � Bandage both eyes
CHEMICAL BURNS Acids � exposed to a corrosive substance Alkali � lime products, plaster and mortar, oven and drain cleaners, dishwasher powders, fertilizers, and sparks from “sparklers. ” Chemical Agents
CHEMICAL BURNS Treatment � Liquid Wash off any chemical before proceeding to general treatment � Solid/Powder Brush off any chemical substance (not with hands) Proceed to general treatment without running under water Do not use water as it may dissolve the solid and be absorbed into skin
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