Burnout och arbetsengagemang hos lrre Prof Katariina SalmelaAro

Burnout och arbetsengagemang hos läräre Prof. Katariina Salmela-Aro, University of Helsinki, Finland Positiv pedagogik för en bättre arbetsmiljö i skolan Finlandsinstitutet, Sibeliussalen

Är du engagerad? • När du vaknade i morse, kändes det bra at ha en ny arbetsdag på kommande? • Att komma till en välmående arbetsplats känns vanligen behagligt. • Känner du dig intresserad, kunnig, och lämpligt utmanad under arbetsdagens lopp? • Kan du återhämta dig under kvällens lopp? • Sover du bra?

In which organization you prefer to work? • Servant leadership supports good work climate. It increases feelings of sense of community, autonomy and competence (Salmela-Aro & Upadyaya, 2018) which creates feelings of trust and work engagement. The key features of healthy work community are equality, fairness, encouragement, and predictability. • Poor working climate is based on abuse of power and fear. Power is hierarchical and there is a lot of micromanagement. Leadership is authoritative. Leaders are feared.

Servant leadership - servant teacher

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90 80 Teaching in Finland Sweden Choose again to be a teacher? 70 60 Are teachers valued? 50 40 30 20 10 0 OECD, Talis Sweden Finland

Work Burnout

Burned out: why are so many teachers quitting or off sick with stress?

Expectations -value Competence Meaning Challenges Salmela-Aro & Upadyaya, 2012 Expectations Values: Interest Utility Attainment Costs Eccles, 2009 Work burnout Work context Inadequacy Students Cynicism Choices, Achievement Exhaustion Work community, teachers, principals New challengesdiversity, digitalization Salmela-Aro, 2018

Job Demands-resources and life-span model cra ftin g Servant leadership Recovery Motivational process Energetic process Salmela-Aro, Upadyaya & Vartiainen, 2017, 2018

Servant teacher focuses on the strengths

SCHOOLS FROM TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATION TO DYNAMIC NETWORKS Traditional line organisation Team organization Dynamic networks

NEEDS ”CONTAINER” – Servant leadership VALUES MISSION ROLES STRATEGY, AIMS BUDJET

Servant leadership Servant teacher • 1. Empowerment • 2. Accountability • 3. Standing back • 4. Humility • 5. Authenticity • 6. Courage • 7. Interpersonal acceptance • 8. Stewardship

1. Empowerment • Empowerment aims to promote internal motivation – feelings of energy, and dedication • It can be removing obstacles (leadership buffer role), exchange of knowledge, encouragement and giving support during difficult times • Empowerment communicates compassion, caring and believing in the individuals potential

2. Accountability • Giving responsibility means unconditional and unlimited trust • People know clearly their roles and responsibilities and what kinds of results are expected • Giving responsibility creates boundaries within which the individual can work the way in which they prefer • Good responsibility requires creating a big picture and overcommunicating it

3. Standing back • Leader gives the highest priority to support others success rather than their own • Leader gives support and recognition to subordinates • It is not overdelegation or careless withdrawal but systematic facilitation of professional growth • Credit is given to the one who earns it

4. Humility • Humility means putting own strengths and success in realistic perspective • Humility is accepting own mistakes honestly and sincerely will to learn from them • Leader knows her limits and values, and thus values contribution of other people

5. Authenticity • To express oneself in harmony with ones inner thoughts thinking and emotions • Authenticity is strickt honesty towards oneself and others • Authenticity creates trust • Servant leader is authentic, humble, brave and able to forgive • Only authentic leader can create trust • Can value and lead also those who are more skilled • Able to stay back and let others to be in the spotlight

6. Courage • Courage is something which is particularly distinctive to servant leader • Courageous leader is able to take rational risks and try new ways of working • Can questions traditional ways and promotes issues one sees as important even when there are opposite forces present • Courage is related to proactive and creativity

7. Interpersonal Acceptance • Acceptance requires empathy, and ability see the world though others • Servant leader is interested in people on the personal level as well and creates an atmosphere of interpersonal acceptance • Encourages interaction in all organizational levels

8. Stewardship • Means taking responsibility a greater good • Being a role model, localty and trust on collaboration between diverse people

How servant are you as a leader? • • • Do you listen teachers carefully and accurately enough? Do you give them floor to utilize their own skills, judgement and experiences? Do you tell clearly what do you expect and what are their responsibilities? Do you really trust others? Do you encourage towards taking initiative, development and taking responsibility? Do you promote joint aims? Do you focus your team towards the main aims? Do you show appreciation and do you give encouraging feedback? Do you identify your strengths and weaknesseses? Are you happy and proud of the outstanding teachers of your school? Do you give credit to those who it belongs and have done the job? Are you willing to take crique and learn from it?

How servant are you as a teacher? • Do you listen to students carefully and accurately? • Do you give them floor to utilize their own skills, judgement and experiences? • Do you tell clearly what do you expect and what are their responsibilities? • Do you really trust them? • Do you encourage them towards taking initiative, development and taking responsibility? • Do you promote students towards the joint aims? • Do you show appreciation and do you give encouraging feedback? • Do you identify their strengths? • Are you happy and proud of the outstanding students of your school? • Do you give credit to those who it belongs? • Are you able to take crique from students and learn from it?

What can you do to promote the work climate? • 1. Focus on your work, your basic duties • 2. Treat others in a workplace in a respectful way • 3. Stay on facts. Do not transmit rumors. Base your opinion on facts. • 4. Be open to diversity and dissonance. • 5. Offer and take support, help and advice. • 6. Tolerate imcompletness in others and particularly in yourself • 7. Change opinions, give and take feedback • 8. Respect others boundaries. • 9. Influence on the things you are able to. Do not complace on every small detail • 10. Take active care of your recovery. With these you can make it to quite far. Please try.