BUO YAG E IALA Regions World split into

BUO YAG E

IALA Regions • World split into 2 regions: IALA A (most of the world) and IALA B (Americas, Japan, Korea, Philippines) • Few differences between these systems, the most striking being the Direction of Buoyage • Marks distinguished by Shape, Colour, Light, Topmark

Lateral Marks: Used to indicate established channels Starboard – green colour – cone shaped – green light Port – red colour – can shaped – red light Safe Water Mark: Shows that water all around in clear from obstruction Red and white vertical stripes – red sphere top mark – long white flash / 10 s Isolated Danger Mark: Indicates an isolated danger that has clear water all around Black and red horizontal stripes – 2 black spheres topmark – white flash groups of 2 Special Mark: Indicates special area, could be cable or pipelines, wreck Yellow in colour – yellow cross topmark – yellow flashing light

Lateral Marks Used to show well established channels, indicating the port and starboard sides of the channel Port Mark • Always red • Can-shaped topmark • Red flashing light Starboard Mark • Always green • Cone-shaped topmark • Green flashing light

Safe Water Mark Isolated Danger Mark • The water all around is free from obstruction or shallows • Single red sphere topmark • Calm, white light • Vertical stripes – safe! • Marks an isolated danger, such as an old anchor, a large rock • Water around the mark should be safe, but do not pass too close • 2 black spheres for topmark • White light showing group of 2 flashes • Horizontal stripes – danger!

Cardinal Marks ● Named after the cardinal points of the compass ● Each mark has different topmark, stripe and light pattern ● Light patterns as per hours of the clock(12, 3, 6, 9) ● All lights flash white, quick or very quick ● South Cardinal has long flash at end to avoid confusion Cardinals might be used to indicate split in channel, end of a bank/shoal, large wreck or submerged object ●

N E W S

Special Mark • Indicates special area – e. g. wreck, sewage pipe • Mark is yellow in colour • Single yellow cross topmark • Light is yellow, any rhythm other than those used for cardinal, isolated danger or safe water marks

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