Buildings The Key Words You Need to know

Buildings The Key Words

You Need to know at least four styles of buildings in English: Gothic n Otoman n Modern n Jugendstil or Art Nouveau n Baroque n Ethnographic n

Special features of buildings: n n n n spire - smaile tower- tornis dome - kupols balcony - balkons arch - arka vault - velve buttress – balsts pillar – pīlārs; pārsedzošs balsts

Special features of buildings n n n n door - durvis perron – lievenis; lieveņa kāpnes steps – kāpnes; pakāpieni chimney; stove – skurstenis; krāsns cellar – pagrabs front and back garden (yard) - dārzs fence or hedge– žogs vai dzīvžogs terrace - terase

When you start building a house, you need: n n a project, design or plan of the house that are made by a designer or an architect; a construction site or a building yard where the construction of the house takes place; a team of constructors or builders who build or construct the house building materials or supplies and different building tools

The Construction: first you excavate or dig a hole for the basement or fundaments; n then you mix and pour concrete; n then you attach some trusses or carcas for the construction of your house; n after that you make walls and window openings: - lay bricks or blocks; - joint logs; - make wartherboards; n

§after that you lay trusses or rafts and have ridgepole celebrations;

§and finally you lay the roof

or thach it.

Different types of roofs: n dome n curved roof

Traditional Roofs: n Gable n A very triangular roof, the gable allows rain and snow to run off easily Cross Gable n This is like the gable roof, but has two parts that cross. Mansard n A French gable roof. Flat n A flat roof is exactly that - flat. It is easy to build and uses few materials.

Traditional Roofs: Hipped n A low-pitched roof that allows rain and snow to run off easily, also allows for large eaves on a building. Cross Hipped n Similar to a hipped roof, but this roof has two parts that cross Gambrel Pyramidal n A hipped roof that forms a pyramid shape. n This roof looks more bell-like than triangular when viewed from the side.

Traditional Roofs: Shed Saltbox n Similar to a gable roof, as it allows rain and snow to run off easily. n Similar to a gable roof, but the two sides of it are not symmetrical. n Sometimes, if there is a stove heating in the house, there is a chimney above the roof. Usually there is an attic – a room directly below the roof. Nowadays many houses have got central or district heating. n n

Materials of roofs are: tile or tilting roof sheet iron or iron slate straw or reed

What roofs have these houses got?

Materials of Buildings: wood: -weatherboards; -joint logs; n stone: -red sandstone; -coarse or white limestone; - marble; n brick n glass and metal or steel n

Materials of Buildings: joint logs; n red sandstone; watherboards; n white limestone

Materials of Buildings: coarse limestone n glass and metal n marble n brick

WE HAVE BUILT A HOUSE!