BUILDING ENERGY ANALYSIS OVERVIEW OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN

BUILDING ENERGY ANALYSIS OVERVIEW OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDING SECTOR- GLOBAL AND SAUDI PERSPECTIVE

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS - I Buildings are responsible for more than 40 % of global energy consumption and around one third of global greenhouse gas emissions, both in developed and developing countries. In USA buildings account for around 40% of the national energy consumption while in UK, buildings are responsible for almost 44% of the total energy consumption (27% from homes and a further 17% from nondomestic buildings).

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS - II The operational phase of building accounts for most of the energy consumed during its entire life cycle. Though figures vary from building to building, studies suggest that over 80% of buildings’ greenhouse gas emissions take place during this phase to meet various energy needs such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), water heating, lighting, entertainment and telecommunications

EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS The rate of growth of carbon dioxide emissions between 1971 and 2004 is estimated to have grown at a rate of 2. 5% per year for commercial buildings and at 1. 7% per year for residential buildings. Furthermore, the buildings sector is also responsible for significant non. CO 2 GHG emissions such as halocarbons, CFCs, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). It is also estimated that, given the massive growth in new construction in economies in transition, and the inefficiencies of existing building stock worldwide, in a business as usual scenario, greenhouse gas emissions from buildings is likely to more than double in the next 20 years.

BUILDING SECTOR’S POTENTIAL TO CUT EMISSIONS The building sector has the greatest potential of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to other major emitting sectors. Estimates suggest that with the proven and commercially available technologies, the energy consumption in both new and existing buildings can be cut by an estimated 30 to 80 % with potential net profit during the building life-span.

POWER SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA The total installed electricity generation capacity in the KSA is 44, 485 MW, all being supported by oil and natural gas. The respective share of oil and natural gas in the production of electricity is 57% and 43%. In the wake of fluctuating oil prices, natural gas has seen a jump in its share in electricity production- the contribution from natural gas has increased from 37% in 2007 to 43% in 2009. The power plants employ a range of technologies including gas turbines, steam turbines, combined cycle and diesel engines. The country is yet to explore other energy resources to support the power sector.

GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND-I The demand for electricity is experiencing a rapid growth in the KSA. Since 1990, for example, the demand has increased at an annual rate of 6%. Per capita consumption k. Wh/day 25 20 15 10 5 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND-II According to the Saudi Mo. WE, the electricity consumption in the country has increased by 35% over the last two decades largely due to intensive use of air conditioning in. Statistics suggest that electricity consumption is expected to increase from 193, 474 GWh in 2009 to about 280, 757 GWh in 2015. Furthermore, the per capita electricity consumption is also increasing rapidly due to factors like urbanization, subsidized tariffs and increased use of energy intensive appliances.

SHARE OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION Agricultural 3% Others* 4% Industrial 18% Residential 52% Governmental 11% Commercial 12% *Hospitals, mosques, streets, and charity associations

250, 000 30 200, 000 25 150, 000 20 100, 000 15 Consumption GWh 50, 000 10 Population (Million) 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 5 population (Milion) Electriricty Consumption GWh POPULATION AND RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

GROWTH OF RESIDENTIAL SECTOR - I 90, 000 80, 000 No. of licenses 70, 000 60, 000 50, 000 40, 000 30, 000 No. of construction licences for Resedential and commercial 20, 000 Total No. Of Licenses 10, 000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

GROWTH OF RESIDENTIAL SECTOR - II The residential sector is set to experience a similar growth in future as the Saudi population is rising at a rate of 2. 5 % per year and only 24% of the Saudi nationals have their own homes. Estimates suggest that around two-third of the population is under the age of 30 years. To meet the needs of the constantly growing population, the country has to build 2. 32 million new homes by 2020. Recently, the Government has established the Ministry of Housing as a measure to coordinate the upcoming growth of domestic buildings. One of the significant issues that residential buildings are suffering from is excessive energy consumption. In a survey undertaken by the Government, it was discovered that about 60% of the total electricity consumed in summer is used in air conditioning.

Background Per capita CO₂ emissions from the consumption of energy The Constructed Environment, 25 -26 October, 2012

SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN THE GCC COUNTRIES The total number of projects registered and rated by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. GCC Country Registered Certified Bahrain 7 0 Kuwait 3 0 Oman 15 0 Qatar 42 0 Saudi Arabia 90 2 United Arab Emirates 517 25 Total 674 27 The Constructed Environment, 25 -26 October, 2012