BUILDING A NATION 1840 1867 INTRODUCTION After the

BUILDING A NATION 1840 -1867

INTRODUCTION After the Rebellions, many immigrants came to Canada Now ↑ English than French-speaking people in Canada French Form scared…. WHY? political parties to protect themselves

Upper Canada West Growing very fast Toronto became the center of business, banking , and industry New roads = better transportation connecting towns to resources Lower Canada East

The British were losing interest in the colonies Took away or changed laws that had given them special privileges Would not pay for new projects: ships, canals, roads, railways, etc. Colonial pay governments and private businesses had to

REASONS TO BRING THE COUNTRY TOGETHER A union of all the colonies would make each colony stronger and richer Some projects (intercolonial railway) would be easier to pay for if the colonies were together The American Civil War posed a threat to Canada

FIRST NATIONS PEOPLES

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST NATIONS PEOPLE 1. Native cultures were complex and varied Traditions and cultures were passed down orally (not written) Elders were highly respected 2. Spiritual beliefs were centered on living in harmony with nature

3. Group vs. individual orientation 4. 5. The well-being of the group is more important than the individual. Wealth- good health, friends and wellbeing was more important than possessions Based on the family unit

FIRST NATIONS Each First Nation had its own system of government. Leaders were often chosen on these factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hereditary leaders Wisdom Strength Hunting ability Open discussion

THE NATIVE PEOPLES Pushed off their land to reserves : Land set aside for native groups (usually far away from settlements) Forgotten or ignored unless the Europeans wanted their lands or cheap labour Often they were forced to adjust to European life

ALGONKIANS Traditionally hunters and fishermen Had to become fruit and vegetable farmers with growing settlements

OJIBWA Had never been involved in agriculture before Hunters, fishermen, gatherers Resisted being forced into farming

MOHAWKS Had been agriculturalists for a long time Had local governments Ready to trade with the colonists

LAND CLAIMS AND DISPUTES Trespassing often occurred on native reserves to get resources (minerals, wood, etc. ) European settlements moved closer and closer to the reserves They were often pressured to sell their best land for cheap prices Due to poverty and misunderstandings, many Native people lost a lot of territory

HOMEWORK Write out the following definitions To assimilate Victorian Suffrage Infrastructure P. 59 Questions 2 a, 2 b, and 3.

THE VICTORIAN ERA

VICTORIAN HOUSES Large houses to show peoples’ importance in the community and because of large families and servants.

MY HOUSE AND CRAIGDARROCH CASTLE

FASHION Women: long dresses and aprons with high collars Men: hats and ties, long jackets and high collars Stayed out of the sun a tan was a sign you worked outdoors

THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA Queen Victoria became queen in 1837 as a teenager (18) Her tastes, values, and behaviour set the standard for all British territories People who lived then were called Victorians

VICTORIAN PEOPLE Very Christian Modest Serious Obsessed with social status Materialistic Wanted fancy clothes, homes, churches, possessions

LIFE: LUXURIOUS OR VERY DIFFICULT People with money, education, and social status: life was good No income tax For poor and uneducated it was terrible No government assistance (health, education, employment, etc) Reliance on family or church Most poor from Ireland or Scotland Tenant farmers, or Had the worst land

LEISURE AND TRAVEL Victorian Canadians liked to be entertained: -parties -circuses Books -concerts -shows -fairs -weddings and magazines became popular: More people could read Sports: Swimming Blood sports: boxing, bear-baiting; dog fighting,

TRAVELLING CIRCUSES AND SIDESHOWS

PARLOUR GAMES Card games, checkers, chess Games to test strength and coordination Pulling the stump Pulling the leg Kissing his thumb

A NEW AGE OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE There were many discoveries during this time Began to understand disease and found cures: Developed aspirin, anti-biotics Antiseptics vitamins, hormones -improved vaccinations

Many people died from serious diseases -Cholera -Influenza -tuberculosis Many -Smallpox -Typhoid also died during surgery: Doctors didn’t wash their hands or their instruments, smoked in operating rooms

EMILY STOWE One of the first female doctors in the British Empire Had to study in US because no Canadian medical school would accept a woman As a woman, she could not practice medicine legally in Canada set up an illegal practice Fought for women’s rights and the right to vote: suffrage Established a women’s medical college

GETTING AROUND People with money like to travel to Europe or the US Invention of the steamboat Could Steam By cross the Atlantic much faster (2 -3 weeks) locomotives improved land travel 1853 trains went up to 80 km/hour Canada’s infrastructure was developing

THE RISE OF NEWSPAPERS By 1850, every city and most small towns had a newspaper Dailies: By newspapers published every day 1870 47 dailies More people could read, and so many people lived in cities

HOMEWORK Make test corrections P. 67 questions 1 -3 Read pp. 73 -79 ADD THESE DEFINITIONS: -federation -external relations -responsible government -mercantilism -Corn Laws -depression -treason -to annex -American Civil War -whip -Clear Grits STUDY THE DEFINITIONS PLUS THE ONES FROM LAST CLASS