BUGS NATURE YOU Can We Get Along By
BUGS, NATURE & YOU Can We Get Along? By Vincent Mannino County Extension Director – Fort Bend
800, 000 (60%) 1, 350, 000 Living Species of Plants & Animals
Major Arthropod Classes (jointed foot) Species Percentages Insecta = 90% Arachnida = 6% Crustacea = 2. 5% Chilopoda & Diplopoda = 1. 5%
Insecta Body composed of 3 divisions. Head bears 1 pair of antennae and one pair of compound eyes and up to 3 simple eyes. Thorax bears 3 pair of legs and 1 -2 pairs of wings. Abdomen bears the ovipositor.
Arachnida Body composed of 2 divisions cephlathorax (head+thorax) abdomen. Antennae are absent Eyes are simple 4 pairs of legs attached to cephlathorax Mainly terrestrial. Banana spider
Crustacea Mostly aquatic Breathe by gills 2 pairs of antennae 4 or more pairs of legs some modified for swimming
Chilopoda & Diplopoda Terrestrial Breathe by air tubes Legs on each body segment Chilopoda – 1 pair Diplopoda – 2 pairs Centipede One pair of antennae Chilopoda has poison glands behind the head. Millipede
The World of Insects 250, 000 U. S. SPECIES Not Economically Important - 225, 000 (90%) Economic Pests 7, 500 (3%) Beneficial - 17, 500 (7%)
Basic Economic Pest Categories Key Pests Occasional Pests Secondary pests
Key Pests Those which cause economic losses and/or misery almost annually.
Occasional Pests Those which infrequently cause economic losses; generally due to specific weather factors.
Secondary Pests Those occasional pests or non-pests which cause economic losses due to a man-made disruption.
External Anatomy of an Insect
Ways Insects Damage Plants Chew, tunnel, & mine leaves, stems, fruit and roots. Pierce and suck leaves, stems and fruit Cause egg-laying damage and use plant parts for nesting Inject toxins into leaves and disseminate disease
Mouthparts stylet coil hook snout sponging mandibles
Legs Types A. B. C. D. E. F. G. running; jumping; digging; grasping; catching; walking & digging; reduced leg used for walking & digging; H. walking on water
Antennae
Wings Lacey Membranous
Insect Growth & Development Types of Metamorphosis No Metamorphosis Gradual Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis
No Metamorphosis
Gradual Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
Order COLEOPTERA The Beetles Diverse, 40% of all insects Complete metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts Wings - 4, front wings being elytra Variable antennae
Order: COLLEMBOLA The Springtales None are harmful Fercula present No metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts No Wings Antennae - short, filiform
Order: DERMAPTERA The Earwigs Large cerci, scavengers Gradual Metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts Wings - 4, leathery, short Antennae - filiform
Order: DIPTERA The Flies Diverse Excellent flyers Sponging or sucking mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Wings - 2, rear wings reduced to halteres Antennae - short bristle-like or filiform
Order: EPHEMEROPTERA The Mayflies Short-lived (for a day) Long cerci Mouthparts: adults have none, naiads have chewing Incomplete Metamorphosis Wings - 4, large, membranous Short filiform-type antennae
Order: HEMIPTERA The True Bugs (stinkbugs) Comments: Sap feeders Sucking Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, front wings are hemeltyra Antennae - generally long, filiform All have a scutellum
Order: HOMOPTERA CICADAS, HOPPERS, WHITEFLY, APHIDS, SCALES Most diverse group, Sap-feeders Sucking Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, similar in form, held roof-like Antennae - filiform to bristle-like
Order: HYMENOPTERA WASPS, BEES, ANTS Many beneficial species Chewing to modified sucking mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Wings - 4, membranous Antennae - 10+ segments
Order: ISOPTERA TERMITES Comments: Highly social, wood feeders Chewing Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4 (on reproductives), equal in size Antennae - Moniliform, filiform
Order: LEPIDOPTERA MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES Comments: Larvae mostly plant feeders Larvae have chewing mouthparts, adults have sucking Complete metamorphosis Wings - 4, scaly Variable antennae
Order: NEUROPTERA ALDERFLIES, LACEWINGS, ANTLIONS, . . . Comments: Most all are beneficial Mouthparts - Chewing, sucking Complete metamorphosis, larvae predaceous Wings - 4, with many cross veins Antennae - filiform
Order: ODONATA DRAGONFLIES & DAMSELFLIES Comments: Primitive, large insects w/ prominent wing veins Incomplete metamorphosis Wings - 4, dragonfs. hold wings out, damself. fold wings up. Short, filiform antennae.
Order: ORTHOPTERA GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS, ROACHES, MANTIDS Comments: Primitive, straight-winged Chewing Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, front pair leathery Antennae - Variable
Order: PLECOPTERA STONEFLIES Comments: Primitive, large, softbodied, cerci present Chewing mouthparts, many adults do not feed Incomplete metamorphosis Wings - 4, large, membranous Long filiform antennae
Order: THYSANOPTERA THRIPS Comments: Minute insects, disease transmitters Rasping/sucking mouthparts Incomplete Metamorphosis Wings - 4, fringed Antennae - short, 4 -9 segments
Order: SIPHONAPTERA Fleas Comments: Small, flattened laterally Sucking mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Wingless Reduced antennae
BUGS, NATURE & YOU ~ We Can Get Along! ~ The End!
- Slides: 40