Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Some History Institute

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics

Some History • Institute of Nuclear Physics was founded in 1958 as a lab in Moscow Institute of Atomic Energy (Kurchatov Insitute) • The founder of INP was the prominent Soviet physicist A. M. Budker (1918 -1977) • In 1960 the Institute moved from Moscow to Novosibirsk • Today BINP is the largest institute in the Russian Academy of Sciences Directors: G. Budker 1958 -1977 A. Skrinsky 1977 -2015 P. Logatchev 2015 -

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Research activity: 1. Particle Physics 2. Physics of Accelerators 3. Plasma Physics 4. Synchrotron Radiation Research 5. Accelerators-Recuperators and Powerful Free Electron Lasers 6. Electron Accelerators for Industry 7. Accelerators & Detectors for Medicine and Security 8. Theoretical Physics 9. Collaborations: -participation in experiments (CERN, KEK, SLAC, BNL, FNAL, IHEP, PSI, Dubna, Kurchatov Center, ITER………. ) -development and supply of the unique scientific equipment Total staff 2700 (including 300 students)

Particle Physics at Budker INP Outline q Introduction q Operating machines and detectors Ø VEPP-2000 with SND-2 and CMD-3 detectors Ø VEPP-4 M and KEDR detector Ø VEPP-3 and “DEITRON” experiment q Detector R&D q Future plans Ø Super Charm-Tau Factory q BINP outside collaboration q Conclusion

Particle Physics at Budker INP A few generations of the colliders and detectors Collider 2 E, Gev Detectors Operation VEP-1 (e-e-) 0. 32 2 detectors 1965 -67 VEPP-2 1. 4 3 detectors 1967 -72 VEPP-3 2. 0 2 detectors 1972 - (booster and Nucl. Phys) VEPP-4 11. 0 OLYA, MD-1 1980 -85 VEPP-2 M 1. 4 OLYA, TOF, ND 1974 -2000 CMD, SND, CMD-2 VEPP-4 M 11. 0 KEDR 2000 - VEPP-2000 2. 0 SND, CMD-3 2009 Tau-Charm ?

BINP’s colliders: 2 E=0. 3 -11. 0 Ge. V (5 quarks of 6!) 2 Е=2. 0 -5. 0 Ge. V 2 E=5. 0 -12. 0 Ge. V

Results of e+e– annihilation cross section measurements by SND and CMD-2 detectors at VEPP-2 M presicion now is ~1% and will be improved to ~0. 3% at VEPP-2000! These measurements are necessary for determination of g-2 and

VEPP-2 M Collider Complex operated 1974 -2000; • Lmax=4 x 1030 cm– 2 sec– 1 at E 0=510 Me. V; Total integrated luminosity 80 pb– 1. • Some results: - Development of the resonant depolarization technique for precise measurements of particles masses (from 1975) - Detailed study of K, , , and - mesons (precise measurements of parameters, rare decays and etc)

g-2 measurements Theory BNL Fermilab Expected precision at Fermilab 4 times better! +(g-2/EDM experiment at JPARC) New challenge for e+e- hadrons measurements !

VEPP-2000 Collider Round beams, 2 x 1000 Me. V (1 x 1 bunch) CMD-3 Cryogenic Magnetic Detector Status: in operation since 2009 injection Present status: ξ=0. 14! Lmax =2 x 1031 cm-2 c-1 at 2 E=1. 0 Ge. V SND Scintillator Neutral particles Detector

Injection Complex VEPP-5 providing both BINP colliders VEPP 4 M and VEPP-2000 with the electron and positron beams Achieved Parameters (2016): Energy: 395 Me. V Storage rate e- @ 12. 5 Hz: 4. 0· 1010/s (70 m. A/s) Storage rate e+ @ 12. 5 Hz: 4. 0· 109/s (7 m. A/s) Max. beam current e- : 100 m. А, 4. 2· 1010 particles Max. beam current e+ : 70 m. A, 2. 9· 1010 particles Beamline to VEPP-4 M 130 m Conversion System Beamline to VEPP-2000 250 m Beam @ BEP Injection Complex and beam transfer lines Beam @ VEPP-4 M

VEPP-2000 average luminosity Limited e+ production Energy rate ramping VEPP-2000 luminosity Luminosity is expected to increase by ~5 times with new positron injector commissioning VEPP-2 M luminosity With New Positron source

Physics at VEPP-2000 • Study of hadronic cross sections e+e– → 2 h, 3 h, 4 h …, h= , K, , … • Precision measurement of R= (e+e– → hadrons)/ (e+e–→ + –) • Study of light vector mesons excitations: ’, ’, ’, . . • Comparison of the energy dependence of e+e– → hadr. (I=1) cross sections with spectral functions in -decays • Measurement of the nucleons electromagnetic form factors and search for NN- resonances • Study of e+e– -annihilation into hadrons at low energy by radiative return (ISR) • Two-photon physics • High order OED processes At least 10 years of very interesting physics in future !

SND at VEPP-2000 1 – beam pipe, 2 – tracking system, 3 – aerogel, 4 – Na. I(Tl) crystals, 5 – phototriodes, 6 – muon absorber, 7– 9 – muon detector, 10 – focusing solenoid. Advantages for VEPP-2000: 1 - cherenkov counter, n=1. 05, 1. 13 – e/pseparation E<450 Me. V, p/K separation E<1 Ge. V, 2 –drift chamber – better tracking

Detector CMD-3 Mu LXe ДК ZК TOF BGO Cs. I 15

e+e- π+π- by CMD-3 Statistical precision of cross section measurement for 2013 data is at the same level as all other experiments before e/μ/π separation using particles momentum Nμμ/Nee/QED Compatible with QED at the level of 0. 5 % pr e lim ina ry |Fπ|2 Fπ result after event separation without additional corrections e/μ/π separation using energy deposition in calorimeter

Some new results from SND and CMD-3 _ e+e- NN _ e+e- pp _ e+e- nn

e+e- 6π by CMD-3 Ba. Bar CMD-3 Phys. Lett. B 723 (2013) 82 -89 18

SND results in 2016 Five processes of e+e– →hadrons were studied by SND in 2016: e+e– →π0γ, K+K–, π0π0γ, π+π–π0η, ωπ0η. Cross sections of the processes e+e– →π+π–π0η and ωπ0η were measured for the first time. e+e– →ωπ0η e+e– →π+π–π0η Center-of-mass energy, Ge. V

VEPP-4 M Collider 4. 2 Е=2 11 Ge. V L=2 х10**30 см-2 с-1 L= 8 х10**31 см-2 с-1 ROKK-1 M Detector KEDR

Detector KEDR • 2004 -2011 L= 21 pb-1 was collected: study of - mesons, D-mesons, -lepton, R-measurements and etc. • 2012 -2013 – upgrade and repair • 2014 -2017 - next run

VEPP-4 M and KEDR detector q q • • The luminosity of VEPP-4 M is lower than at B-factories But some advantages: Large energy region 2 Е=2 11 Ge. V Technology of high precision measurement of the beam energy (concentration on high precision particle mass measurement). • Detector KEDR equipped by LKr calorimeter with high energy and space resolution. • High resolution tagging system (two-photon physics). q Physics at VEPP-4 M & KEDR is concentrated on high precision measurements • High precision measurements of particle masses: J/ , (2 S), (3 S), D-mesons, -lepton, (1 S) (2 S) (3 S), Y(4 S) • Spectroscopy of cc and bb states • The measurement of R in the energy region 2 E=2 -7 Ge. V • Two photon physic: total cross section hadrons , study of C-even states

High precision measurements at VEPP-4 M&KEDR VEPP-4 M energy calibration Resonance depolarization J/ , (2 S), (3 S), D-mesons, -lepton masses and some other parameters of these particles have been measured with best precision using these methods Nikolai MUCHNOI, Compton backscattering Best known particle masses Monday 14: 30, This Conference 23

Detector R&D at BINP • Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (Ar, Xe)- particle physics (dark matter, coherent neutrino …. ) Vladislav OLEINIKOV, Wednesday 17: 25, This Conference • MCP PMT- particle physics (PID, TOF) Alexander BARNYAKOV, Thursday 18: 00, This Conference • Aerogel counters - particle physics (PID) Evgeniy KRAVCHENKO, Sergey KONONOV, Thursday 14: 20, This Conference Thursday 15: 25, This Conference • Crystal Calorimeters –particle physics +applications • Detectors for applications: -synchrotron radiation detectors Lev SHEKHTMAN, Thursday 9: 40, This Conference -detectors for medicine -detectors for security

Detector for Imaging of Explosions (DIMEX) is successfully used at beam line 0 at VEPP-3 and at beam line 8 at VEPP-4 M for more than 15 years. VEPP-4 M, beam line 8 VEPP-3, beam line 0 DIMEX-G (in operation since 2016) Gaseous detector with new front-end ASIC Max frame rate - 10 MHz Number of frames – 100 Maximum signal – 2 x 106 e (~7000 photons, 20 ke. V) Noise - <~4000 e

New ASIC developed for DIMEX-G DMXG 64 A 64 channels 100 analogue cells in each channel Size ~ 6 x 6 mm Input pads pitch ~60 mm Noise ~ 3000 e Max. signal ~2 x 106 e Max. frame rate 10 MHz

Super Charm-Tau Factory Detector Existing new injector complex (in 2013 – operation with positron beam) е-е+ convertor c a Lin Ист. е- G 2 e. V Two rings e. V a Lin Ист. е. Damping Ring • • • M 00 c 5 Tunnel for 2 Ge. V Linac is ready Two rings Crab waist L = 1× 10**35 cm-2 s-1, Variable energy Ecm= 2 – 5 Ge. V Longitudinal polarization 27

Super C/tau Factory at Novosibirsk (physics) ► D-Dbar mixing ► CP violation searches in charm decays ► Rare and forbidden charm decays ► Standard Model tests in leptons decays ► Searches for lepton flavor violation →mg ► CP/T violation searches in leptons decays Requirements: L > 1035 cm-2 s-1, longitudinal polarization, General Purpose with perfect PID

Polarization at Super C/tau Factory If even one beam polarized, almost 100% longitudinally polarized near the threshold • Michel parameters • CP-violation in -decays Polarization may increase sensitivity by several times!

Artistic view of future Charm-tau factory • Accelerator Complex 207 MEuro • Detector 91 MEuro • Buildings infrastructure – 100 MEuro • BINP has already invested 37 MEuro in the capital construction and injection complex 30

Super Tau-Charm factory project status and plans • Project was preliminary approved by Russian Government (2011) • CDR –has been completed (2012) • Road map –is ready (6 years for realization) • Very positive statement of ECFA (2012) • Collaboration is growing (now 10 Institutes from Russia and 9 Institutes from other countries) • Design of the building has been completed (2013) • Conceptual model for computing is ready (2013) • R@D for machine and detector in progress • Injection complex construction in progress • Very positive reply of EU review Committee (2013) • Funding decision and construction ? 31

Budker INP collaborations (HEP) • • • CERN: LHC , ATLAS , CMS, LHCb, RD 51 KEK: BELLE, Super-KEKB, BELLE-II, JPARC: COMET, g-2/EDM SLAC: Ba. Bar PSI: MEG FAIR: PANDA BNL/FNAL: g-2, Mu 2 e IHEP (Beijing): BES-III DUBNA: NICA • Frascati: KLOE-2

Conclusion • A few generations of colliders and detectors successfully operated at Budker INP with worldwide recognized contributions to particle physics • VEPP-4 M and VEPP-2000 with 3 detectors are in operation at present interesting physics in the coming years • Budker INP successfully collaborates in a few outstanding experiments outside • Super Tau-Charm is the future (but funding approval is necessary!)