Buddhism Some of the Symbols of Buddhism Precious

Buddhism *Some* of the Symbols of Buddhism! Precious Umbrella – Protection & Health Two Golden Fish – luck & perseverance. Endless Knot – intertwining of wisdom and compassion. Lotus Flower - Purity Buddha / Wisdom Eyes Buddhism, according to the CIA World Factbook makes up about 6. 77% of the World Population. Based on July 2014 estimates this is over 480 million adherents!

Buddhism 563 -483 BCE Life of the Buddha. Age of 29 is when sights occur. **Dates vary** 483 BCE First Buddhist Council 383 BCE Second Buddhist Council. Begin of split into two sects though still often in the same temple. 360 BCE Council of King Mahapadma 300 BCE Formation of Tipitaka – Three Baskets 272 -231 BCE Emperor Asoka and the spread of Buddhism (Missionary Religion – calls a council) 247 BCE Asoka calls Third Buddhist Council 247 -220 BCE Buddhism spreads to Sri Lanka in form later to be known as Theravada 80 BCE – Pali Canon is written down in Sri Lanka 65 CE - 100 CE – Buddhism enters into China

Buddhism 100 -200 Composition of Lotus Sutra 150 -250 CE – Life of Nagarjuna and “Mahayana Buddhism” 320 -550 CE – Gupta Empire & Growth of Mahayana in India 525 -600 CE Acceptance of Buddhism in Japan. State Religion in 594 600 -800 CE Buddhism & Tibet – 791 State Religion. ~ 820 CE Founding on Tendai and Shingon Buddhism 1000 CE Revival of Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka and SE Asia 1133 -1333 CE Life of Honen; founder of Pure Land Japanese sect of Buddhism 1200 CE Growth of Zen Buddhism in Japan through Dogen (1200 -1253) 1222 -1282 – Life of Nichiren founder of Nichiren Buddhism 1300 – Buddhism is established in Thailand

Buddhism 1500 – Disappearance of Buddhism from India as various groups come into the region including the raids and as the Mughal Empire grows 1893 World Parliament of Religions in Chicago - Dharmapala (Thera. Buddhism) 1900 Over 40, 000 Buddhist and Daoist texts rediscovered in caves in China 1926 – Thich Nhat Hanh 1959 The Dalai Lama goes into exile. 1966 World Buddhist Sangha Council is formed to bridge the various Buddhist communities together. 1976 Upon the death of Mao, Buddhism begins to revive in China. 1989 Dalai Lama is awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1998 Full ordination of 135 nuns from 23 countries.

Buddhism Ultimate: Basic World View: Indescribable. Reality? Ultimate: Nirvana? Void? Reality? Origin/Destiny of the World: What do you think? Origin Humans: Is there an answer? Destiny Humans: How many options? What are they?

Buddhism Ultimate: Revelation/Mediation: Through the Buddha who attained full enlightenment, scriptures, and Bodhisattvas. The sacred texts consist of sutras, stories of the Buddha and his past lives (Jakarta tales), and various treatises from the different disciplines/schools of thought. The Life of Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama of the Sakya clan roughly 563 -483 BCE. These are the generally accepted dates! Prophets said would be Great Warrior/King or great Buddha (Enlightened One). Father kept Siddhartha secluded- then came the trip with the Charioteer outside

Buddhism Ultimate: The Four Sights!

Buddhism Ultimate: Beyond Life with the Ascetics/Sannyasi – The Path to Enlightnenment 1. Know from text the time under the Bodhi Tree 2. Know the Temptations 3. Know the Hesitation 4. Know the beginning of teaching The Middle Way: “Those foolish people who torment themselves, as well as those who have become attached to the domains of the senses, both these should be viewed as faulty in their method, because they are not on the way to deathlessness. These socalled austerities but confuse the mind which is overpowered by the body’s exhaustion. In the resulting stupor one can no longer understand the ordinary things of life, how much less the way to the Truth which lies beyond the senses. The minds of those, on the other hand, who are attached to the worthless senseobjects, are overwhelmed by passion and darkening delusion. They lose even the ability to understand the doctrinal treatises, still less can they understand the method which by suppressing the passions leads to dispassion. So I have given up both these extremes and have found another path, a middle way. It leads to the appeasing of all ill and yet it is free from happiness and joy. ”

Buddhism Ultimate: Buddha’s ministry lasted 45 years after enlightenment Arhants: Liberated Beings Arhants: Fully liberated beings who will Sangha: Community Three Jewels: Refuge Thus Buddhism takes on three forms of religious expression: 1. Intellectual Teaching 2. Object of worship and act of submission 3. Sociological expressions

Buddhism Ultimate: The Four Noble Truths: 1. All life is suffering [duhkha] (ill, pain, bitterness, anxiety, frustration) 2. Suffering is cause by desire (cravings, attachments, wants) 3. There can be an end to desire 4. The way out is the Eightfold Path.

Buddhism Ultimate: The Eightfold Path: 1. Right Views 2. Right Thought 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration There a few variances in the order of the path but generally are in a similar order that lumps together three central categories of Buddhist practice: 1. Shila: Morality in speech, action, livelihood 2. Dhyana: Meditation with effort, mindfulness, concentration 3. Prajna: Insight/Wisdom through views, thought

Buddhism Ultimate: No Self: How could you define yourself? Did you do the second part of the challenge instead? Anatman / Anatta The view of the self is seen through the ‘No-Self’ Doctrine. Rejects any notion of an essential, unchanging interior entity at the center of a person; no soul. Because there is a belief in reincarnation and various places such as heavens and hells how does this work with Anatman?

Buddhism The Five Skandhas Rupa: Physical Body Vedana: Senses Samjna: Perceptions Samskaras: Mental Disposition Vijnana: Consciousness Dependent Origination (See Wisdom Book).

Buddhism Practice/Action: General Expectations of Humans: Karma / Bodhisattva / Nirvana The Three Jewels: These are the phrases stated by Arhants/Monks/followers of the Buddha. I take refuge in _______________

Buddhism Practice/Action: The Ten Precepts: In addition to the Three Jewels, Arhants, Monks, and to a lesser degree the laity are expected to abide by the Ten Precepts Prohibition against taking life Prohibition against taking what is not given Prohibition against sexual misconduct Prohibition against lying Prohibition against taking of intoxicants Prohibition against eating after noon Prohibition against participating in dancing, singing, and shows Prohibition against adorning oneself with garlands, perfumes, ointments Prohibition against sleeping in a soft bed Prohibition receiving gold and silver

Buddhism Practice/Action and Social: Theravada School (often seen today as the conservative movement) Name is taken from the Buddha’s teachings and is relatively unchanged. The name means “the way (vada) of the elders (thera). Believed they kept original teachings as having developed in Sri Lanka they were somewhat isolated from outside changes specifically of Buddhism in India. Focus is on the community of Monks - stressing the idea of reaching nirvana through detachment and desirelessness achieved through meditation. Laypeople still have ability to reach Nirvana but the Monks path is the superior path. Theravada monks often beg daily for their food and thus monasteries are often in the middle of towns.

Buddhism Practice/Action and Social: Theravada School (continued) Pali Canon. Tipitaka - meaning ‘three baskets’: The first basket consists of the Sayings of the Buddha The second basket is the Vinaya which outlines the procedural rules. The third basket developed later is the Abhidhamma.

Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism: the great vehicle. Broader scope than Theravada. Originally emphasize nirvana as possible to greater numbers of people and that enlightenment is a call to compassion. Save oneself by saving others. Nirvana/Samsara Mahayana Buddhism still allows for ritual which at the time of its founding was not as heavily present in Theravada and thus was seen as assisting in bringing more people (esp. laity) into Mahayana view. To this degree Mahayana Buddhism is considered a possible reaction against asceticism of Theravada. Karuna (compassion with empathy) is essential and is beyond kindness to imply that we are all part of the same ever-changing. Bodhisattva – What is one? What are the traits?

Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism (continued) Mahayana embraces the concept of the Trikaya or three bodies of the Buddha: Dharmakaya – Cosmic Nature Nirmanakaya - Historical. Maitreya Buddha - the incarnation yet to come is a belief of some. Sambhogakaya - Celestial

Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism (continued) The Shunyata Mahayana doctrine is that of the ‘emptiness’ of us. Tathata (thusness)- the poetic moment of existence. Impartite particles. Parinispanna or the "Perfected, " "All-Encompassing / Underlying" Nature. Paratantra of the "Dependant" Nature Parikalpita or "Imagined" nature

Buddhism Social: What are the Forms/Places/Community of Worship? Is there or can we see a Hierarchy? What might an example be? *Some* Schools Shingon – Chants with Mantras. Mandalas. Preference for actions. Tendai Sect - Monastic institution at Mount Tiantai of China. Categorized.

Buddhism Social: Jodo or Pure Land – Devotional. Sambhogakaya. Zen Buddhism and enlightenment through experience: Began in China and was then carried to Japan. Zen takes its name from a step of the Noble Eightfold Path dhyana (meditation). Satori – Koan – What is one? What is an example? Silence. Chinese Religions?

Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism Combination of a metaphysical shamanism of Tibet and parts of Buddhism Most Ritualistic. Vajrayana / Diamond. Dalai Lama is what to Tibetan Buddhism? Community Orientation. Compassion alongside internal and external powers. Tantrism. Vajra Prayer Wheel Mandalas!!! What did we learn from the video clips? Lessons.

Buddhism Social: Relationship to Other Religions/Cultures: Is there only a general view? What are the concepts involved? Secular/Sacred: In essence there is not meant to be a complete divide – the teachings of the Buddha are to permeate into all aspects of life. However, there is a basic acceptance of sacred versus secular. While Buddhism stresses the value of Ahimsa (non-violence) not all Buddhists have held to these beliefs when dealing with secular outsiders. You have roles and responsibilities as one is a lay person or a monk.