Bttre utan Zlatan Landslagets tvlingsmatcher utan Zlatan 15

Bättre utan Zlatan? Landslagets tävlingsmatcher utan Zlatan 15 segrar 4 oavgjorda 2 förluster Poängsnitt: 2, 33 Landslagets tävlingsmatcher med Zlatan 22 segrar 10 oavgjorda 11 förluster Poängsnitt: 1, 77 (Källa: Fotbollskanalen 2011). http: //www. fotbollskanalen. se/1. 2362453/2011/11/15/unik_stati stik_sa_mycket_battre_ar_landslaget_utan_zlatan Statistiska resonemang. ARK-dag januari 2012. Dan Hedlin 2

Fallet Zlatan • Kan ses som en deskriptiv bild av de 64 tävlingsmatcher som spelades under perioden. • Men hur vet man att det inte bara är en slump att det blev så? • Skillnaden är inte statistiskt signifikant hur man än räknar, dvs utfallet ovan kan rimligen förstås som slumpmässigt. Om man i ett annat universum spelat om matcherna hade det mycket väl kunnat bli bättre med Zlatan än utan Zlatan. Statistiska resonemang. ARK-dag januari 2012. Dan Hedlin 3

• • Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992 May; 46(5): 317 -27. Calcium and iron absorption: mechanism of action and nutritional importance. Hallberg L, Rossander-Hultén L, Brune M, Gleerup A. Source Department of Medicine II and Clinical Nutrition University of Göteborg, Sahlgren Hospital, Sweden. Abstract We investigated the inhibitory effect of calcium on iron absorption in 57 human subjects. Three studies suggested that the effect is not located in the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of phytate in a meal and formation of calcium-iron-phytate complexes is not a prerequisite for the inhibition. The relative increase in iron absorption by ascorbic acid was the same in meals with and without calcium, suggesting that calcium did not influence the balance between enhancing and inhibiting ligands in the gastrointestinal lumen. No inhibiting effect on iron absorption was seen when adding 3 mg calcium to 0. 01 mg iron (molar ratio Ca/Fe = 420). Previous studies showing a marked inhibition by calcium had a lower molar ratio, but greater amounts of calcium were given. This suggests that a minimal concentration of calcium is needed to achieve an effect. The present results indirectly support our original hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of calcium on iron absorption is situated within the intestinal mucosal cells. The practical nutritional implications of the inhibitory effect of calcium are considerable since addition of milk, milkshake or cheese to common meals such as pizza or hamburger meals reduced iron absorption by 50 -60%. It is recommended to reduce the intake of dairy products with the main meals providing most of the dietary iron, especially for those having the highest iron requirements i. e. children, teenagers and women at childbearing age.

• • Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993 Dec; 47(12): 875 -9. Duration of the inhibitory effect of calcium on non-haem iron absorption in man. Gleerup A, Rossander-Hultén L, Hallberg L. Source Department of Internal Medicine, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Abstract We investigated the duration of the inhibitory effect of calcium from milk and cheese (340 mg) in a breakfast meal on non-haem iron absorption from a hamburger meal eaten 2 or 4 h after the breakfast. The effect of calcium on iron absorption was studied in 21 human subjects by using paired observations and a dual-radioisotope method (55 Fe and 59 Fe). No duration effect of calcium on iron absorption was observed in this study. The present findings offer an opportunity for theoretical improvement of iron nutrition by a redistribution of the daily intake of calcium to the meals with a minor iron content, i. e. breakfast and the evening meal.