BT 08 01 Cell Biology and Cancer Biomedical

BT 08. 01 Cell Biology and Cancer Biomedical Technology

Cancer Facts Group of 100 diseases that develop across time n Characterized by uncontrolled cell division n Heredity and environmental factors contribute to cancer development. What would be some examples? n

Cancer Facts Can develop in virtually any of the body’s tissues, but basic process is the same n Second leading cause of death in the US n Men have a one in two lifetime risk n Women have a one in three lifetime risk n

Cancer Facts n How it happens: n n Cell breaks free No longer under normal restraints of cell division Has it’s own agenda for proliferation (growing) Remains in the tissue in which it originated (known as “in situ” stage)

Cancer Facts n How it happens:

Cancer Facts n How it happens: n n n Divide and change, divide and change Genetically unstable, prone to rearrangement Large nucleus

Types of Cancer Benign – not cancerous, not life threatening n Malignant – cancerous n Metastatic – moving or has moved from one organ to another, disease has “spread” n Type depends on cause and location n Each (cell) type has it’s own growth rate, prognosis and treatability n

Cancer Cell Types: Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. n Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they start for example, cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer; cancer that begins in melanocytes of the skin is called melanoma n

Cancer cell types: Cancer types can be grouped into broader categories. The main categories of cancer include: n Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. There a number of subtypes of carcinoma, including adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma. n

Cell. Types of Cancer cont’d. : Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. n Leukemia - cancer that starts in bloodforming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. n Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. n Central nervous system (CNS) cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord n

Cancer Facts n Incidence increases with age n n No diagnosis by the time you are 65, doesn’t mean you won’t get it before age 70 Inherited predisposition n n Can inherit a “cancer-susceptible mutation” Can occur in all body cells

Risk Factors Exposure to carcinogens (substances that damage genome)ie: chemicals, radiation n Cigarette smoking n Exposure to the sun n Family history (hereditary) ie: females, breast cancer n Fair skin n

Tanning Beds n If you are under age 30 and use tanning beds 10 times or more in a year, your risk of developing melanoma is increased nearly 8 times. A single tanning bed session increases your risk of melanoma by 22%.

n. Estimated new cases and deaths from cancer in the United States in 2013: n New cases: 1, 660, 290 (does not include nonmelanoma skin cancers) n Deaths: 580, 350

Chances of survival n Increases with early detection n Incidence rate – number of new cases of disease diagnosed each year Mortality rate – number of deaths per 100, 000 persons per year Survival rate – proportion of patients alive at some point after their diagnosis

Prevention The risk of developing many types of cancer can be reduced by practicing healthy lifestyle habits, such as: n eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and not smoking. Also, the sooner a cancer is found and treatment begins, the better the chances are that the treatment will be successful. n

n http: //www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/cancerl ibrary/what-is-cancer