BSC 2010 L DEUTEROSTOMES Principal Biological Concepts A

BSC 2010 L DEUTEROSTOMES

Principal Biological Concepts: A. Protostome vs. deuterostome (revisited). B. Chordate features. C. Chordate subphyla. D. Evolution of vertebrates from early chordates. E. Evolution of vertebrate classes. F. Evolution of jaws. G. Adaptations to terrestrial existence. H. Endothermy. I. Cladistic analysis.

Remember protostome & deuterostome dichotomy

Phylum Echinodermata A. secondary radial symmetry - bilateral in larvae B. endoskeleton - calcareous "test" C. water vascular system

4 classes 1. 2. 3. 4. sea stars (class Asteroidea) brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea) sea urchin (class Echinoidea) sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

Echinodermata 4 classes 1. sea stars (class Asteroidea) 2. brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea) 3. sea urchin (class Echinoidea) 4. sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

Class Asteroidea stars

Anatomy of a sea star

Class Ophiuroidea brittle star

Class Echinoidea - sea urchins & sand dollars

Class Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers

Chordates (phylum Chordata) 3 characters - present at some point in life 1. notochord 2. pharyngeal gill slits 3. dorsal, hollow, nerve cord

Chordata 3 subphyla - 2 "protochordates" and vertebrates 1. subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirts 2. subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus) 7. subphylum Vertebrata - vertebrates

Chordata Subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirts

Chordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicate larva

Chordata Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus)

Subphylum Vertebrata - 12 classes 1. 2. Class Myxini - hagfishes Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys 3. Class Chondrichthyes cartilagenous fishes sharks, rays, skates "Osteichthyes" 4. Class Actinopterygii - rayfinned fishes 5. Class Actinistia - lobefinned fishes 6. Class Dipnoi - lungfishes 7. Class Amphibia - frogs, toads, salamanders 8. Class Mammalia mammals "Reptilia" 9. Class Testudines 10. Class Lepidosauria snakes, lizards, tuatara 11. Class Crocodilia alligators and crocodiles 12. Class Aves - birds

Class Myxini - hagfishes

Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys

Class Chondrichthyes - cartilagenous fishes -sharks, rays, skates

"Osteichthyes" - informal name for bony fishes Class Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishes Class Dipnoi - lungfishes

Class Actinopterygii ray-finned fishes

Class Actinistia lobe-finned fishes

Class Dipnoi - lungfish

The Devonian radiation of fishes

The evolution of vertebrate jaws

Anatomy of a trout, a representative bony fish

Class Amphibia - amphibians - frogs, toads, salamanders

”Reptilia" - informal name for reptile classes Class Testudines - turtles Class Lepidosauria - lizards, snakes, tuatara Class Crocodilia - crocodilians

The amniotic or cleidoic egg

Class Testudines - turtles

Class Lepidosauria lizards, snakes, tuatara

Class Crocodilia - crocodilians

Phylogeny of the amniotes

Class Aves - birds

The avian wing and feather

Archaeopteryx, a Jurassic bird-reptile

Class Mammalia - mammals

Cladistic Analysis exercise You must complete this and hand it in before you leave (DS 3 - 10 pts. ) Introduction to cladistics http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/clad 1. ht ml

Constructing a phylogenetic tree using cladistic analysis

Building a phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs

“ 32 A Traditional Animal Phylogenetic Tree” and “ 34 A Characteristics of Chordates” on Student Media CD-ROM for review of material from this lab.

Lab practical next week. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Sign up sheets go on-line Monday October 10. Review lab sessions will be Saturday October 15, and Sunday October 16, from 10: 00 - 4: 00 pm. Practical exams will be given Monday October 17 through Wednesday October 19. 30 stations 1 question per station 60 seconds per station NO GOING BACK Practical covers labs 1, 4, 5 and 7, in roughly equal proportions. You must bring a photo ID to the exam.