Bruno Milheiro S 00040686 EDRE 623 Assignment 1

Bruno Milheiro S 00040686 EDRE 623 Assignment 1 The Use and Misuse of Cosmetic Surgery

What is Cosmetic Surgery? • The goal of cosmetic surgery is to improve a person's appearance and, thus, self-esteem by changing the way she or he looks. Cosmetic surgery can be performed on any part of the face and body. Types of Cosmetic Surgery Facelift (meloplasty) Breast reduction (reduction mammoplasty) Facial implants Eyelift (blepharoplasty) Breast enlargement (augmentation mammoplasty) Chemical peel Liposuction Dermabrasion Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty)

Cosmetic Surgery - A brief history • As early as 600 BCE, a Hindu surgeon reconstructed a nose using a piece of cheek. • By around 1 CE, Romans were repairing damaged ears. • In the 19 th century, developments in anaesthesia and antisepsis made plastic surgery safer and allowed for improvements in technique. During and after the Two World • By 1000 CE, rhinoplasty was Wars many soldiers required common, due to the barbaric reconstructive surgery of serious custom of cutting off the noses and head and facial injuries. upper lips of one's enemies. • The first modern cosmetic • In the 16 th century, Gaspare rhinoplasty was performed in 1923, Tagliacozzi, known as "the father followed by the first public face lift of plastic surgery, " reconstructed in 1931. noses slashed off by swords during duels by transferring flaps of upper arm skin. •

Cosmetic Surgery - Use • External motivators for cosmetic surgery include the desire to avoid ethnic prejudice; fear of age discrimination; and direct or subtle, indirect coercion by a spouse, parent or boss. • Internal motivators include the desire to diminish unpleasant feelings of depression, shame or social anxiety; the wish to alter a specific disliked feature; the yearning for a more youthful, healthy look that signals fertility (usually in women); and the hope to create a strong, powerful appearance that will facilitate career advancement. • https: //youtu. be/-5 ic. Ri. XCUWk • DISCUSSION: Do you agree with this form of free cosmetic surgery? What aspects do you agree/disagree with?

Cosmetic Surgery - Misuse • Sometime during the process of beautifying average humans, they have implanted something besides silicone: the belief that cosmetic surgery will improve lives. ØPersonally ØProfessionally • Cosmetic surgery addiction falls into a category of addictions known as behavioural or process addictions. In a behavioural addiction, an individual is addicted to a specific behaviour despite apparent negative consequences. • The confidence that comes from a new nose, fake breasts, or liposuction is only temporary, both physically and emotionally. https: //youtu. be/API 3 j 0 b. MMRQ

Cosmetic Surgery - Future • Cosmetic surgery has its rightful place in modern society. It is up to the individuals, both practitioners and patients to use it responsibly. • HOW? • Have realistic expectations about what can be accomplished. • Understand the medical risks, physical effects during healing, how the surgery will affect them personally and professionally, what lifestyle changes may accompany the recovery period, and the expenses involved. • Have discussed their goals for surgery with their surgeon and resolved any questions. • All surgical procedures carry risk, but the chance of risk and complication can be reduced by consulting a Specialist Plastic Surgeon who is trained, qualified and accredited to perform Plastic Surgery.

Cosmetic Surgery – Further Reference • For anyone wanting more information on the use and misuse of cosmetic surgery the following websites can prove useful: • http: //www. plasticsurgeryfoundation. org. au/ - Australian Foundation for Plastic Surgery • http: //www. mayoclinic. org/tests-procedures/cosmeticsurgery/basics/definition/prc-20022389 - Mayo Clinic US • http: //drhowardsamuels. com/addiction-guide/plastic-surgery/ - Cosmetic Surgery addiction