Brunei Darussalam Nation of Brunei Abode of Peace

Brunei Darussalam Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace Negara Brunei Darussalam ﻧڬﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ

Introducing Brunei Darussalam n n The last remnants of an empire that once included all of Borneo and the southwest Philippines, Brunei is now one of the smallest countries on earth – two tiny slivers of land lodged in the northern coast of Sarawak. This tiny country is blessed with some of the largest oil fields in Southeast Asia and, perhaps not surprisingly, one of the wealthiest rulers on earth.

Map and Location

Provinces and Capitals

Motto: ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﻮﻥ BRUNEI SOMALIA Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah "Always in service with God's guidance“ Anthem: Allah Peliharakan Sultan - God Bless the Sultan

n The colours of the flag have a symbolic meaning as well, in Southeast Asia, yellow is traditionally the colour of royalty, and the royal standards of Malaysia and Thailand, along with the presidential flag of Indonesia, also use a yellow field. Therefore the yellow represents the Sultan of Brunei. The black and white stripes represent Brunei's chief ministers. n The white is the colour of the Chief Minister of State, the Duli Pengiran Bendahara, and black represents the Second Minister, the Duli Pengiran Pemancha. These three were the signatories of the Treaty with Britain in 1906.

n The national crest consists of the flag, the royal umbrella, the wing, the hands, and the crescent. On the crescent is writing in Arabic script that contain the national motto of: "Always in service with God's guidance". Below this is a banner with the name of the nation in Arabic script as "Brunei Darussalam" or Brunei, land of peace.

Currency Code BND As of March 16, 2014, 1 US dollar buys 1. 26 Brunei Dollar. Currency Brunei Dollar

Etymology n According to legend, Brunei was founded by Awang Alak Betatar. He moved from Garang, a place in the Temburong District to the Brunei river estuary, discovering Brunei. According to legend, upon landing he exclaimed, Baru nah! (loosely translated as "that's it!" or "there"), from which the name "Brunei" was derived.

n n It was renamed Barunai in the 14 th century, possibly influenced by the Sanskrit word "varuṇ" (���� ), meaning either "ocean" or the mythological "regent of the ocean". The word "borneo" is of the same origin. In the country's full name, Negara Brunei Darussalam, darussalam (Arabic: ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺩﺍﺭ means "abode of peace", while negara means "country" in Malay.

n n n Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Dialing code: +673 Currency: Brunei dollar Government: Unitary state, Islamic state, Absolute monarchy, Constitutional monarchy

n n n Brunei profile A tiny country with a small population, Brunei was the only Malay state in 1963 to choose to remain a British dependency rather than join the Malaysian Federation. . n n n It became independent in 1984 and, thanks to its large reserves of oil and gas, now has one of the highest standards of living in the world. Its ruling royals, led by the head of state Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, possess a huge private fortune. A country of dense forests and mangrove swamps whose people enjoy high subsidies and pay no taxes, Brunei is highly dependent on imports

n n n Capital and largest city Bandar Seri Begawan 4° 53. 417′N 114° 56. 533′E Official languages Malay Recognised English n Other languages n Brunei Malay Tutong Kedayan Belait Murut Dusun Bisaya Melanau Iban Penan n n n n

Official scripts n Malay alphabet & Jawi alphabet n Ethnic groups (2004 – 66. 3% Malays – 11. 2% Chinese – 3. 4% Indigenous – 19. 1% other Demonym Bruneian n Government Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah n n n n n Legislature Legislative Council Formation - Sultanate 14 th century - British protectorate 1888 - Independence from the United Kingdom 1 January 1984 Dialing code: +673 Currency: Brunei dollar

Climate: A tropical equatorial climate prevails in Brunei, so the weather is warm and humid year-round. The average high temperature during the year is 28. 3°C (83°F), while the average low temperature is 26. 2°C (79°F). December tends to be the rainiest month, with an average of 343. 5 mm (13. 5 inches) of rain. Economy: Brunei's thriving economy depends upon oil and natural gas extraction, which accounts for 90% of the nation's GDP. It has the ninth-highest per capita GDP in the world, at $49, 400 US. The unemployment rate in Brunei is an eviable 2. 7%, and the number of people living below the poverty line is negligible. 1 Bruneian dollar = $. 79 US as of July 2012.

Literacy rate: 92. 7% (2011 est. ) History and Education n Brunei was a British Protectorate from 1888 until 1984. Not surprisingly, English became widely used, even though Brunei Malay (a dialect of Malay that is substantially different from Standard Malay) continues to be the main language that is spoken.

n In 1985, the Bilingual Education Policy was implemented, with Malay as the medium of instruction for the first three years of primary school, and then English becoming the medium of instruction for most subjects from the fourth year of primary school on

In 1993, history switched from being English medium to being Malay medium. n In January 2009, a new education policy was implemented. It is termed SPN 21 (Sistem Pendidikan Negara – Abad 21, 'National Education System for the 21 st Century'). In this new system, Mathematics and Science are taught in English from the start of primary school. Only time will tell what effect this new SPN 21 education policy will have on the status of English in Brunei. [8] n Clearly, English is well established in Brunei, though it does not seem to be challenging the position of Malay. Rather more threatened are the minority languages such as Dusun, Tutong and Murut (Lun Bawang), which seem to be getting squeezed out by the two dominant languages, though recent research in Temburong District suggests that Murut is surviving better than the other two.

STRANGE BUT TRUE. . FUN FACT ABOUT BRUNEI. . * Brunei is the smallest non - island country outside Europe. n * Brunei is the home to the largest residential palace in the world today. The Istana Nurul Iman is more than half a kilometre long and onequarter of a kilometre wide, and has 1788 rooms - 338 mote than the vatican in Rome. n

* "Flying Coffins" is the nickname given to the speedboats that ferry passenger from the local food stalls jetty in Jalan Residency, Bandar Seri Begawan to Bangar, in the Temburung District. The name sprung from the lacklustre interiors of the boat and theirs speed as they weave through the network od narrow mangrovefridged waterways. * The Proboscis Monkey (scientific name Nasalis Larvatus) also known as Bengkatan - is one of nature's most unlikely creatures, with an impossibly long nose, protruding belly and thick orange hair. Brunei is home to the world's largest population of these monkeys, with 10, 000 still in the wild , thanks to its intact rain forest habitat.

* The amount of cars in Brunei is 3 times more than the population of Brunei. * Brunei is 1 percent out of Borneo Island. wedged between the Malaysian Borneo States of Sabah and Sarawak. And Borneo Island is 3 rd largest Island in the world. * Almost 78 percent Brunei was still covered by jungle - a higher percentage than anywhere else in Asia. • Brunei is not in the Middle East. It has often been confused with the other oil rich Gulf state of Bahrain. It is also sometimes confused with Bhutan in the Himalayas or Burundi and Dar Es Salaam in Africa! Brunei is the oldest Malay state on the island of Borneo. In fact, the name Borneo is an ancient derivative of the name Brunei.

Short Story: I Am A Bird by Kathrina Haji Mohd Daud, Brunei I Am A Bird is a short story by author Kathrina Haji Mohd Daud from Brunei. It was submitted to Long Way Home: Asia-Europe Short Story Contest in August 2013. n

* The sprawling Kampung Ayer, a water village on stilts , is home to an estimated 30, 000 resident, about a quarter of the capital's population. The residents commute to work in an armada of creatively decorated water taxis which cross the river like brightly coloured dragonfly. labyrinthine town on stilts impressed the Magellan expedition in 1521 * Brunei also enjoying free income tax, free medication (just pay $1 for registration) , free education , low crime and free from typhoon and earthquake. * The country is ruled according to Islamic values and traditions. It is a Malay Muslim monarchy with over 600 years of recorded history.

Brunei Lit/ short story JUDGES’ PICK: I Am A Bird | Kathrina Haji Mohd Daud | Brunei, Long Way Home | Asia-Europe Short Story Contest - See more at: http: //culture 360. org/shortstory-contest/i-am-a-bird-kathrina-hajimohd-daud-brunei/#sthash. OLCe. XPak. dpuf

I am a bird A short story by Kathrina Haji Mohd Daud, Brunei

Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ aṣ-Ṣūmāl /sɵˈmɑːliə/ so-MAH -lee-ə), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Arabic: ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia has the longest coastline on the continent's mainland

n n n POPULATION Somalia has a population of around 10 million. About 85% of residents are ethnic Somalis, who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country. Ethnic minorities make up the remainder and are largely concentrated in the southern regions. The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic, both of which belong to the Afro-Asiatic family. Most people in the country are Muslim, with the majority being Sunni.

the country occupies the tip of a region that, due to its resemblance on the map to a rhinoceros' horn, is commonly referred to as the Horn of Africa. n n Location and habitat The Cal Madow mountain range in northern Somalia features the nation's highest peak, Shimbiris Somalia is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. It lies between latitudes 2°S and 12°N, and longitudes 41° and 52°E. Strategically located at the mouth of the Bab el Mandeb gateway to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal,

Climate n n n Federal Republic of Somalia[1] Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya (so) ) ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ar) Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya There are four main seasons around which pastoral and agricultural life revolve, and these are dictated by shifts in the wind patterns. From December to March is the Jilal, the harshest dry season of the year. The main rainy season, referred to as the Gu, lasts from April to June. This period is characterized by the southwest monsoons, which rejuvenate the pasture land, especially the central plateau, and briefly transform the desert into lush vegetation. From July to September is the second dry season, the Xagaa (pronounced "Hagaa"). The Dayr, which is the shortest rainy season, lasts from October to December. The tangambili periods that intervene between the two monsoons (October –November and March–May) are hot and humid.

Federal Republic of Somalia n Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya (so) n ) ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ar) n Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya n

n n n Government Federal parliamentary republic - President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud - Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed

Somalian Map

Characteristics As an ethnic flag, the five-pointed white Star of Unity in its center represents the Somali ethnic group found in Djibouti, the Ogaden region in Ethiopia, the North Eastern Province in Kenya, and the former British Somaliland Italian Somaliland territories. n The flag's light blue backdrop was originally influenced by the flag of the United Nations, in recognition of the UN's role in Somalia's transition to independence during the trusteeship period. [5][6] However, it today officially denotes the sky as well as the Indian Ocean, which flanks the nation. [4] n The flag's blazon, or heraldic description, is: Azure, a mullet Argent.

Coat of Arms

Coat of arms n The coat of arms of Somalia were adopted on October 10, 1956. The leopards which support the shield and the white star were also found on the arms used during the Italian administration. Formerly, the arms of Somalia from June 8, 1919 featured a shield divided horizontally by a wavy white line (Smith, 1980). The top half of the shield was blue, with a leopard in natural color surmounted by a white five-pointed star.

Educational structure n The educational system of Puntland comprises two years of Early Childhood Development (ECD), eight years of primary education (four years of lower primary and four years of upper primary) and four years of secondary education. University education comprises an average of four years. Thus, it is a 2 -4 -4 -4 system. Puntland's Ministry of Education also recognizes non-formal and technical and vocational education as integral parts of the region's educational system.

Languages of Somalia Somali and Arabic are the official languages of Somalia. The Somali language is the mother tongue of the Somali people, the nation's most populous ethnic group. Languages Main article: Languages of Somalia Somali and Arabic are the official languages of Somalia. The Somali language is the mother tongue of the Somali people, the nation's most populous ethnic group

Young Boys PROUDLY Holding their RIFLES and GUNS! So Young and yet SO FULL OF VIOLENCE!

Interesting/ Shocking Facts you Didn`t Know about SOMALIA. . In pictures!!

So Many NECESSITIES. What a HORRIBLE Childhood Memory for these Kids

. Somali "HOUSES", if you can CALL THEM THAT! =/

SO MUCH POVERTY!

Major Infectious Diseases: (degree of risk: high) -Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever -Water contact disease: schistosomiasis -Animal contact disease: rabies (2009) National Anthem: "Soomaaliyeey toosoo" (Somalia Wake Up) the lyrics speak of creating unity and an end to fighting.

Ten fun facts about Somalia n n n Fact 1 Somalia comprises of 27 regions and was colonized by both Britain and France before it gained independence in July 1, 1960 Fact 2 Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia and its largest city. It is also known as Xamar. Fact 3 British Somaliland gained independence from Britain on June 26, 1960 and Italian Somaliland gained independence from Italy just a few days after that on July 1, 1960.

Fact 4 n The majority of Somalis are Sunni Muslims and a smaller percentage follows the Shia Muslim denomination and Sufism. n Fact 5 n The official languages spoken in Somalia are Somalie and Arabic. n

n n n Fact 6 The currency of Somalia is Somali Shilling or SOS which has been in use since 1962. Fact 7 Somalia is a semi arid land that experiences a very hot climate as it is located close to the equator. The average temperature round the year is 20 to 40⁰C. Some parts in the north experience temperatures above 45⁰C. Fact 8 This country is the first African nation that was used for flying warplanes by the British.

n n Fact 9 Somalia is the only country in the world that does not possess a central form of government. Fact 10 Agricultural products include cattle, goats, sheep, corn, sorghum, coconuts, sugarcane, mangoes, rice, sesame seeds and beans. They export livestock, hides, bananas, fish and charcoal.

Somali Short Stories Series: The Lion And The Meat http: //abwaan. hubpages. com/hub/Somali-Short-Stories-Series-The-Lion-And. The-Meat