Brrr The Cold War Begins end of the
Brrr… The Cold War Begins end of the war 1946 -52
Who is it between?
Tale of 2 cows Political Systems Cartoon
End of WWII: SPLIT UP EUROPE Yalta Conference (Feb 2 -11, 1945) ◦ US – FDR ◦ Wanted Soviets to join Pacific Theater Rebuild Europe = market for goods ◦ USSR – Stalin ◦ Wanted Political Influence over Central and Eastern Europe for the sake of national security ◦ Poland – history of Poles invading Russia ◦ Great Britain – Churchill ◦ Free elections in Eastern Europe
Yalta issues Vague/not clearly understood Do not realize Stalin’s intentions ◦ Pledged free elections ◦ Atlantic Charter = choose own government ◦ Warned by US Ambassador Averell Harriman about Stalin’s intentions ◦ Yalta short
Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945 Chain Reaction: German surrenders ◦ April 28, 1945 – Mussolini Executed; 29 th Italy surrenders ◦ 1. 5 M Axis Prisoners held by allies ◦ 800 K German soldiers surrender at Eastern Front ◦ April 30 ◦ Battle of Berlin raging (till May 2 nd) Berlin Siege short ◦ Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide ◦ Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower ◦ Forces Western Front to unconditionally surrender June 5, 1945 Allies declare Supreme Power of Germany
Harry S. Truman steps up (4/1945 -1/1953) FDR dies of stroke: 4/12/1945 VP from Missouri Different from FDR ◦ Direct/blunt ◦ Fast/means business Recognized State of Israel 1948 (5 min after declared) Racially integrated armed forces and gov’t agencies
United Nations Replaced League of Nations Bring together Democratic Countries Maintain international peace and security “policing the world” 51 members in 1945; today 193 Headquarters in NYC USSR was a member
Potsdam Agreement: August 1945 What to do with Post-War Germany? ? ◦ US – Truman ◦ USSR – Stalin ◦ Great Britain – Churchill (and later Clement Attlee) 1. Divide Germany: 4 ZONES 2. Divide Berlin: 4 ZONES 3. Make Germany “Pay” ◦ U. S. - $$ ◦ USSR – Blood ◦ Demilitarized/denazification ◦ Forced Labor (under Soviets)
BERLIN
The Iron Curtain Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech US goal of Containment: keep Communism contained Divides East/Communist Europe and West/Democratic Europe Stalin: ◦ Gulag/Executions (in 30 yrs, est 10 -50 M people) ◦ Expansion, totalitarianism ◦ Broken promises
Truman Doctrine Stop the spread of Communism to the Middle East ◦ Give $ to countries that COULD fall to Communism ◦ Going through civil war ◦ Greece: pressure from surrounding Communist countries ◦ Turkey: pressure from USSR
Marshall Plan ◦ If join US “side” = give $, supplies ◦ Containment ◦ Market ◦ Leads to European Recover Program Different goals than USSR: revenge, own recovery
Berlin Crisis Soviet blockade: no transportation in/out ◦ Holding Hostage ◦ Get (force) to support Communists Berlin Airlift: ◦ US can’t send in supplies ◦ Fear of starting a war ◦ Airlift ◦ Created increased loyalty to US
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 Eisenhower – commander of US in Europe; became commander of NATO “collective security” Attack 1 = attack all Objective – prevent Soviet aggression Fear of USSR retaliation
Warsaw Pact: 1955 - 1991 Communist response to NATO Collective defense 8 Communist states Stalin wanted to maintain military control over Central and Eastern Europe Adhered to principles of Charter of the UN
- Slides: 19