Browser Basics Tutorial 2 Introduction to Microsoft Internet

Browser Basics Tutorial 2 • Introduction to Microsoft Internet Explorer 1

Objectives • Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages. • Learn how Web page addresses are constructed. • Learn the main functions common to all Web browsers. • Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser to navigate the Web. • Save and organize Web addresses using IE • Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer. 2

Structure of the Web Client/Server Structure of the Web New Perspectives on the Internet, 5 e Tutorial 2 3 3

Client/Server Structure of the World Wide Web • On the Internet, your computer becomes a Web client in a worldwide client/server network. • Web browser: (client software) software that runs on your computer to make it a Web client. • Web servers: Computers connected to the Internet that contain files their owners have made available publicly through their Internet connections. 4

Browser • Accesses server • Retrieves HTML document using HTTP • Displays the page in a window on your screen • May I assume you’ve done this? • Look at our syllabus, references, links, unixlinx 5

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on the Web. • HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to display text. • HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents to each other. • Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also connect one part of HTML document to another part. • Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and video clips. 6

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia New Perspectives on the Internet, 5 e Tutorial 2 7 7

Web Site Organization • When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it is often referred to as a Web page. • A collection of linked Web pages with a common theme is called a Web site. • The main page that all of the other pages on the Web site are organized around (and link back to) is called the site’s home page. 8

Addresses on the Web • Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to each computer on the Internet. – 4 8 -bit numbers (called octet in networking) separated by dots. Each is 0 -255 or 0 to 28 -1. • Domain Name: unique name associated with specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer. 9

Addresses on the Web • Domain Name Software (DNS) coordinates IP addresses and domain names. • Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS software. • The last part of domain name is called its toplevel domain (TLD). New ones have been added by ICANN. 10

Common Top Level Domains (TLDs) 11

Uniform Resource Locator • Unique address of each webpage • Domain name of computer on which file resides. • Path of folder or directory on computer on which file resides. May not need it if the file is in the publc_html directory. • Filename of file. index. html is the default. 12

Uniform Resource Locator how: // where/ what protocol: // domain/ file optional path default is index. html DOS and Windows use . URLs use /. 13

Main Elements of Web Browsers • • • Title Bar Scroll Bars Status Bar Menu Bar Page Tab (IE plans for future) Standard Buttons Toolbar 14

Main Elements of Internet Explorer Program Window New Perspectives on the Internet, 5 e Tutorial 2 15 15

Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer • Click Start on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click Internet Explorer. Or icon on desktop. • The Standard Buttons toolbar has buttons that execute frequently used commands. 16

Standard Buttons • Use the Refresh button in IE to load the same Web page that appears in the browser window again. • Use the Stop button to halt the Web page transfer from the server. 17

Homepage • The Home button on the Standard Buttons toolbar displays the home (or start) page (first page that opens when you start your browser). • Another use of same term • You can set your homepage. Tools. Internet options. Many use Google. 18

Microsoft Internet Explorer • The status bar at the bottom of the window includes several panels that give you information about Internet Explorer’s operations. – Transfer progress report & graphical transfer progress indicator. – Security zone. 19

Entering a URL in the Address Bar • Click at end of current text in the Address bar, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL. • Type the URL of the location to which you want to go. • Press the Enter key (or Go) to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window. 20

Hyperlink Navigation Using the Mouse Easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks: – Click the hyperlink – When you’re finished, right-click the new Web page’s background – Click Back on the shortcut menu 21

Shortcut Menu • Right click is often convenient. Brings up contextual shortcut menu. 22

Favorites • The Favorites List lets you store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so you can return to them easily. • You can create folders in which to store your favorites. • You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure even after you have 23 stored them.

Returning to Web Pages Previously Visited • Favorites • The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from previously visited pages. • To see where you have been during a session, you can open the history list by clicking on the History button on the Standards Buttons toolbar. 24

Finding Information on the Web • Web Search Engines: Web pages that conduct searches of the Web to find words or expressions you enter. • Web Directory: a Web page that contains a list of Web page categories like education or recreation. Can narrow the results returned for a particular search. • Web directory editors categorize the Web pages. 25

Cookies • A small file that a Web server writes to the disk of the client computer. • Can contain information about the user such as login names and passwords. • Assists in performing functions such as automatic login. • User is often unaware that the files are being written to the computer’s disk drive. 26

Saving Web Pages • You can save copies of most Web pages as files that you can store on your computer’s hard disk, floppy disk, etc. • Some Web pages are written to make copying difficult or impossible. 27

Save a Web Page • You can save entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk. • You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs. • You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking 28 Save Picture As.

Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law • Laws that govern the use of photocopies, audio or video recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original work. • Legal right of the author or other owner of an original work to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that work. • Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into tangible form. 29

Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law • Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright notice. • Fair use is a provision that allows students to use limited amounts of copyrighted information in term papers and other reports in an academic setting. Source must always be cited. 30

Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law • Commercial use of copyright is more restricted. • Obtain permission from copyright holder before using anything you copy from a Web page. 31

Printing a Web Page • The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Print option on the File menu let you print the current Web frame (right-click inside the frame) or page. • Print option lets you select some text. • When printing long Web pages, reduce the font size of the Web pages before you print them. • To preview pages before you print them, select Print Preview from the File menu. 32

Checking Web Page Security • You can check some of the security elements of a Web page by clicking File, Properties, and then the Certificates button. • Internet Explorer will display security information for the page that appears in the browser window to advise you of the overall security of the page. • Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the page’s contents. • A padlock symbol appears in the status bar when Internet Explorer loads an encrypted Web page. 33

Getting Help in Internet Explorer 34

Summary • Web pages and Web sites make up the World Wide Web. • The Web uses a client/server structure in which Web server computers make Web page files available to Web client computers that are running Web browser software. 35

Summary • Each server computer on the Internet has an IP address that is mapped to a domain name. • The protocol, domain name, path, and Web page filename make up the Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Last 2 are optional. 36

Summary • Web browsers display Web pages and maintain a history list that can be used to find pages previously visited. • Copyright exists even if the work does not contain a copyright notice. 37

Summary • Web browsers allow users to print and save Web pages and elements of Web pages. • All Web browsers have the same basic elements and can be used to explore the Web in similar ways. 38