Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects 2 Sexual reproduction

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������� 2 ���� Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction 2 ���� asexual �� aphid ������ 1 ���� sexual �� Graphocephala coccinea ������ : ������ (2549) Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects ����� : Peter and Bryant (�. �. �. )

Sexual reproduction ��������������������� ��������� Egg + Sperm Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects Zygote

Fertilization ������������������� Egg + Sperm Zygote 3 ������������ Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects

Asexual reproduction ������������������� ������ Sperm Egg ) not fertilization) Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects zygote

Atypical mode of reproduction Parthenogenesis Hermaphroditism Polyembryony Reproductive effect of endosymbiont Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects

Parthenogenesis (��� ) Thelytoky parthenogenesis ����������� Arrhenotokous parthenogenesis ��������������������� Amphitokous parthenogenesis ����������� Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects ���� 2 ��������� 2

Paedogenesis Larval paedogenesis ����������� larval Papal paedogenesis ����������� papal Neoteny Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects

Hermaphroditism ������� 2����������� • ������ 5 ��������� Hermaphroditism in Icerya purchasi Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects

Polyembryony ���������� 1�� ����� embryo ������ 6 ������ tobacco hornworm caterpillar ���� Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects ทมา : นรนาม (ม. ป. ป. )

Reproductive effect of endosymbiont Cytoplasmic Parthenogenesis Feminization Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects

Cytoplasmic ������ 7 ����������� Brood Producing Behaviors in Insects