Broken Bones Bones Bones are connective tissue Bones
Broken Bones
Bones • Bones are connective tissue. • Bones have a soft center that is full of bone marrow, where blood cells are made. • Bones support the body, help with movement, and offer protection to vital organs.
Types of Bones • There are 5 main types of bones – Long bones- characterized by a long shaft, like a femur – Short bones- roughly cubed shaped and found in wrist – Flat bones-are thin and curved bones with two hard bones sandwiching a soft tissue, the skull bones – Irregular bones- bones that do not fit in the above categories, like hip or spine bones – Sesamoid bones- bones that are embedded in tendons, like the patella
Broken Bones • A medical term used to describe broken bones is a Bone Fracture • This is a medical condition where the bone is either cracked or broken • This condition can be abbreviated with Fx , FRX, of just Fx
What can cause a broken bone? • Normally, a bone fracture is caused by high amounts of pressure, impact, or stress. • Some fractures can be caused by different types of diseases, such as: – Osteoporosis • A disease where the bone is weakened – A bone cyst • A tumor in the bone that eats away at bone marrow, causing the bone to be hollow
Types of fractures • Complete Fracture- where bones completely separate • Incomplete Fracture- the bones are still partially joined • A Linear Fracture- a fracture that is parallel to the bone’s axis • Transverse Fracture- where the fracture is perpendicular from the bone’s axis
Types of Fractures Cont. • Oblique Fracture- A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's axis. • Compression Fracture-a fracture that usually occurs in the vertebrae. • Spiral Fracture- a fracture where some of the bone has been twisted • Comminuted Fracture- a fracture with a bunch of fragments • Compacted Fracture- a fracture when the bones are driven into each other • Open Fracture- the fracture went through the skin
Classifying Fractures • Normally, 5 things are taken into account when fractures are classified. – The name of the bone – The location on the bone – The type of fracture – The group/ shape (Like a spiral fracture) – And the subgroups, which looks at things like the displacement or if there is shortening
Classifying Fractures Cont. • Neer Classification: Humerus • Denis Classification: Spine • Seinsheimer Classification: Femur • Frykmann Classification: radius & ulna
Symptoms • Depends on where and how the bone was broken. • Normal Symptoms are: – Pain – Swelling – Bruising – Deformity – The inability to use the limb
Where can Fractures Occur? • Just about every bone in the body has been broken • The most commonly broken bones are: – Wrist – Ankle – Hip- This case happens more frequently in the elderly • Fingers and toes are broken frequently too due to sport injuries
Complications of Bone Fractures • The most common complications are: – Blood loss – Injuries to Organs – Growth/ joint problems – Weakness in some areas – Shock
First Aid • Should be given right away. • Ask the person if they are hurt and in need of help. • Only move the person if there is immediate danger in the area!!!! • Moving a person with a head, neck, or spinal injury can cause a greater injury to occur!!!!
First Aid Cont • One thing to do right away is call 911 if possible. • Treat wounds that are bleeding right away so there is minimum blood loss. • Keep the wound as clean as possible • DO NOT ATTEMPT TO STRAIGHTEN ANY BROKEN BONES YOURSELF!!!!
First Aid Cont. • If the Fracture is in the limb, provide cushion and/ or support, like a pillow. • At the same time, do not cause more pain or injury by moving the limb. • It is also possible to make a make-shift splint or sling
First Aid Cont. • Immobilize limbs by either using a sling for the arm, or tying of the leg above and below the fracture • If possible, raise the leg and put an ice-pack on it to reduce swelling. • Call either 911 or 000 (for an ambulance) • Do not eat or drink anything in case surgery is necessary.
Diagnoses • There are three common ways that doctors use to tell if a bone is broken – An X-ray – A MRI – A CT (a computer used program used to make a 3 D image)
Treatments • One thing most people do not understand is that broken bones heal by them selves. • A cast or other medical treatment is used to make sure the bones align properly.
Treatments Cont. • Treatment include: – Splints – Cast/ body cast – Braces – Pain relief – Traction – Inserted rods, plates, or screws
Healing • Healing begins when blood clots start to form on the end of the broken bone • After a few (2 -6) weeks, most cast are removed • The broken limb must still be held with care
Healing Cont. • After about 5 weeks, the bone will fuse together – This uses Cartilage • Or Fibrous cells • This new bone is not as strong as the first and can break very easily
Healing Cont. • Most cast or splints can be removed in about two months • The new bone must still be treated with care for another month • The temporary bone (callus) will be replaced with a real bone over time.
Healing Cont. • The bone heals without scars, unlike the skin • The muscles, however, will be weak because of lack of use • Physical Therapy may be necessary to rebuild strength
Orthopedics • This branch in medicine specializes in bone, bone injury, and bone growth • This branch also deals with surgeries and bone fractures • Some even deal with certain muscle injuries • Much training is needed to become an Orthopedic
Orthopedic Training • Orthopedic surgeons complete about 10 years of postsecondary education. • This includes getting an undergraduates in medical school • They must also complete a 5 year session of orthopedic surgeries
What Happens During Surgery? • The doctor will first initial the arm that is to be operated on • The patient will them be given an local anesthetic and an IV drip to put them to sleep • The doctor will then align the bone, insert any necessary rods, and complete the surgery
Orthopedics in Your Area • There are many orthopedics in the Richmond area – Tuckahoe Orthopedics and Associates – Orthopedic Research of Virginia – Richmond Orthopedics – Orthopedic Specialist
Dr. Chester Sharps • Dr. Chester Sharps is an pediatric orthopedic surgeon that works with Tuckahoe Orthopedics – This means he specializes in fixing bones in children • Peoples Magazine has awarded him the best pediatric orthopedic surgeon on the east coast
Fun Facts • The femur is one of the most difficult bones to break in the human body • The radius (near the wrist) is probably the most common bone that is broken, mostly because of sports • Many fingers and toes are broken, but there is no real treatment except for resting the bone
Bibliography • • "Bone Fractures. " Better Health Channel. 01 Oct 2008. State of Victoria. 24 Oct 2008 <http: //www. betterhealth. vic. gov. au/BHCV 2/bhcarticles. nsf/pages/Bone_fractures? Op en. Document>. "Bone Fractures. " Wikipedia. 23 Oct 2008. Wikipedia. 24 Oct 2008 <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bone_fracture>. "Orthopedic Surgery. " Wikipedia. 24 Oct 2008 <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Orthopedic>. Personal Information/Experience
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