Broadcast Studio Techniques Multimedia Broadcast The broadcast studio
Broadcast Studio Techniques Multimedia Broadcast
The broadcast studio • The first thing that you have to accept is that all studios are not created equally. • A studio can be – a single camera and a desk – a camera and a green screen – an elaborate, million-dollar work of art – everything in between
The broadcast studio Common studio areas – Control room • Where production control equipment is stored. Generally the room is sound-proofed. – News s. Set • Generally has a news desk, or formal location for an anchor(s) – Green screen • A green wall or curtain that is used for virtual sets or weather reporters stand in front of – Soft/ interview set • A moveable set that generally has easily moveable furniture that can be arranged in different ways
The broadcast studio Common studio areas – Sound booth • A sound proofed room that allows for noise-free voice-over recordings – Weather desk • A desk that is tailored towards reporting the weather – Sports set • A desk or area that is tailored towards reporting sports
The broadcast studio • Analyze your studio – Explore and really look at your studio. Create a drawing and inventory of the areas/items you have in your studio • What areas do you have? • Are things organized in way that allows students to work efficiently? – Compare your drawing and inventory to that of 2 -3 classmates. Create a group drawing and inventory that fills in any gaps that were missed.
The broadcast studio • Studio research – Use a search engine to search for images of broadcast studios. – Create a “wish-list” of things that you think you could reasonably add to your studio. – Research all items you listed • What is the price per item? • List items/ groups of items in order of importance to your studio. – Compare your list with 2 -3 students in class. • Create a new group list after you have compared and given you logic about why one item should be purchased before the other.
Common crew positions • One of the most interesting things about studio production is how different each can be from place to place. • This is especially evident in high school shows. – Positions can vary depending on equipment and show purposes. – You will now review common names/ duties that exist in television studio production.
Common crew positions • Camera operator(s) – One or several individuals that operate a camera. In many news studios across the country, this position is being replaced by robotic cameras. • Floor director – Manage all action on the floor, cueing anchors/ talent, camera operators, etc. Also, ensures all studio areas are set to desired specifications.
Common crew positions • Director – Manage and directs all production members to ensure script is followed and kept on time. • Producer – Creates scripts or works with script writers. Also schedules guests and organizes needed show elements.
Common crew positions • Technical director – Operates the switcher and follows the cues of the director. The TD also makes the director aware of any technical issues that may arise with the show. • Audio engineer – Monitors and adjusts audio levels from any talent or guests using a microphone. Sometimes needed to play song tracks and sound effects as well.
Common crew positions • Anchor(s) – One or more main talent members of the broadcast. Some anchors are required to also produce much of the segments that they report to viewers. Generally, anchors are seated at a desk. • Reporter – Usually the face of the show in the field by going to new stories and creating news packages. Reporters also do stand-ups from locations at or around the news desk.
Common crew positions • Teleprompter operator – Runs the pre-scripted lines as the talent reads it off of the teleprompter. Some talent controls the teleprompter with a foot-petal underneath the desk. • Graphic artist – Creates custom graphics before and sometimes during the show. This would depend on the complexity of the graphics capability of the switching equipment.
Common crew positions • Master control/video tape operator – In a large studio environment, the master control operator would monitor the entire show to ensure the proper feed is being displayed. They could also cue commercial breaks. In smaller/ older studios, some equipment requires that a separate person play and pre-produced video or packages. • Makeup artist/wardrobe – Some studios have separate people to do the makeup and wardrobe of the talent. In most common environments, talent does their own.
Common crew positions • What positions have you used in your studio environment? • If you haven’t produced a show yet, what positions do you think you will need for a show?
Studio safety • With so many things going on at once, it is important to remember that a television studio can have potentially dangerous places. – Go to your studio and create a list of potentially dangerous items/situations that you can identify. – Be ready to identify what you found/missed.
Studio safety • Lighting – Lighting might be the single most dangerous item inside your studio. – Risks could include: • • Electric shock Burns Fires Collapse (stands knocked over, or falling from lighting grids above head)
Studio safety • Trips & falls – Cords • It is common that most studios have cords running across the floor – Everyone should be reminded to watch their step – Crew members should make sure all equipment hooked up by cords are properly stored – Ladders • Any personal who uses a ladder should always have a “spotter” to hold onto the ladder to ensure it stays balanced. • Do not climb over the recommended height on steps.
Studio safety • Improper storage of set pieces – Stacking extra set pieces such as couches, chairs and coffee tables can result in collapses. – Consider creating a proper storage guide to ensure collapses don’t happen.
Studio safety • Unauthorized Repair – Only individuals who have been properly trained or authorized by your instructor/ supervisor should attempt to repair any defective equipment. • This includes trying to tape damaged cords or changing burned out light bulbs. – Don’t assume you know what you are doing.
Studio safety • Blocked exits – Do not block exits with equipment or pieces of the set. • Often this happens when parts of the studio are being transported for an on-site production. – In the event that an emergency arises, all members of the broadcast should exit immediately and take the proper action.
Studio safety • General electric safety – Electricity issues overlap many of the other issues surrounding studio safety. • • Do not use frayed or split cords. Do not overload outlets. Keep liquid away from electric devices and outlets. Report any improper burning smells or burn stains on the outside of equipment.
Studio safety • Studio safety comparison – What common safety concerns did you find in your own studio when you made your list earlier? – What safety concerns did you find that were not covered here?
Studio safety • Studio safety checklist – As a class, create a studio safety checklist. • Keep general safety concerns in mind, but customize the list to your environment. • When complete, have all new staff members sign a safety checklist to confirm that they have read all of the important information. – Keep the signed checklists on file. – Keep a few copies of the list hung around the studio to remind crew members.
Show development • Every high school has a unique broadcast or show. • Generally speaking, these shows are each unique to their environment or setting. – Shows have different pacing, purposes and range in production quality. – While you may or may not be able to match the technology of other programs, you can match the storytelling.
Show development • Show Genres – News – Sports – Political – Governmental – Holiday Special – Sketch Comedy – Drama – Science – Entertainment – Sitcom – Game Show – Historical – Fiction – Talk Show – Matchmaker
Show development • Create an outline of a show for your school • This show can follow any of the genres just listed, or one that is not. • You will present your show in a pitch to the rest of your class in an effort for your classmates to “pick up” your show.
Show development • Show development process – Pick the genre of your show. – Write a synopsis of your show. • Select a certain base subject and then write the shows meaning or goal/ purpose. – Cast the characters/host of the show. – Write guidelines of what your show must contain/ should not contain. – Set a schedule for the development of the show/ budget of the show. Write guidelines that detail how long the show should take to produce. They should be realistic in the event you decide to make a second episode.
Show development • Show requirements • Multiple camera angles would be used during production phase • Clearly defined opener/closer of the show – How would your show begin/end? • Produce original, quality graphics – What colors, styles would you show use? • The show should be free of fixable errors (especially spelling). – What does your show need to watch out for?
Show development • After each person in the class has pitched their show, have a class discussion about the type of show your class should produce. – Should it be one that one of your classmates pitched, a combination of several or something completely new?
Staff manual • A staff manual can create a consistent and successful show. – It reduces or eliminates the “I didn’t know I couldn’t do that” from your show – It helps reduce things that could make your show/school look bad.
Staff manual • You will create a staff manual as a class to ensure the manual is fair and understood by all involved with the show. – Item by item, create a description or paragraph that details your show’s policy. • Once this is complete, you will be ready to start producing your show.
Staff manual creation – Purpose of show – Programming changes – Show positions and description • What are all of the required positions? • What is each position responsible for? (job descriptions) – Responsible and reliable • How often should each position have their content/show responsibility ready? • What happens if someone does not complete their assigned task?
Staff manual creation – Studio conduct • On air – Language – Gestures – Signs/ symbols • Crew/personal – Playing games • In studio • On computers – Dismissal from show • Process (warnings, demotion, etc. )
Staff manual creation – Show look/style/tone – On air talent appearance • • Clothing Hair style Piercings Tattoos
Staff manual creation – Studio cleanup – No food/drink – Equipment checkout policy – Studio reservations
Staff manual creation – First aid/emergencies – Proper set piece storage
Staff manual creation – Visitors/guests – Code of ethics – Special privileges/gifts
Staff manual creation – Contests – Advertising – Conflicts of interest – Fundraising • For show • For third parties
Staff manual creation • When you have finished completing your staff manual, be sure to keep both a digital and print version of it. • Now, create your show!
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