Broadband Access Techniques Broadband Policy2004 v Broadband is

Broadband Access Techniques

Broadband Policy-2004 v Broadband is defined as an “always on” data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP of the service provider 2

Broadband Policy-2004 v Salient Features: • De-licensing of 2. 40 -2. 48 Ghz band for outdoor low output • Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2 Mbps (At present 512 Kbps in CUG domestic network) • Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internet facility. For bi-directional VSAT license will be required. • BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them to enter into arrangement with private players to utilise copper and content creation 3

Broadband Services High speed Internet Access v Video-on-Demand v Interactive Games v Share market dealing & personal banking v News, travel & leisure information v Music/Movie Download v Chatrooms & newsgroups v 4

Broadband Services E-mail & instant messaging v Personal websites and online magazines v Educational materials & research resources v Tele-medicine v Work at home v Internet radio & webcast concerts v 5

Broadband Users v There about 100 million Broadband subscriber worldwide and are increasing by about 2, 000 every month • Asia Pacific – 45% • USA – 30% • Europe, Middle East & Africa – 25% 6

Broadband Technologies Wireless Wireline 3 G Mobile DSL (Digital Sub’s Line) Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Cable Modem Wi. MAX Optical Fibre Technologies LMDS & MMDS PLC (Power Line Communication) FSO (Free Space Optics) Satellite 7

• Wireless Access Technologies - Wireless personal Area Network (WPAN/Bluetooth) - Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN/ Wi. Fi) - Wireless Metropolitan Area N/w (WMAN/ Wi. Max) - Cellular Mobile Telephony. ( GSM-GPRS, EDGE/ CDMA 2000) (3 G-UMTS) 8

BLUETOOTH Is IEEE 802. 15 Wireless PAN standard. v It works upto 10 mts. v Operates in 2. 4 GHz band with 20+ Mbps speed. v Used for short range wireless application. i. e. interconnectivity between PC and peripherals( laptops , desktops, printers) between various hand helds. v No license is required v 9

Wireless LAN Standards Standard Data Rate (Max. ) Distance Frequency IEEE 802. 11 a 54 Mbps 50 Meters 5. 0 GHz IEEE 802. 11 b (Wi-Fi) 11 Mbps 100 Meters 2. 4 GHz IEEE 802. 11 g (Backward compatiable with 802. 11 b) 54 Mbps 100 Meters 2. 4 GHz IEEE 802. 11 n 100 Mbps 100 Meters 2. 4 GHz 10

Wi. Fi Is is based on IEEE 802. 11 specification v IEEE – is a standard. v 802. 15 – is technical specification. v Bluetooth, Wifi are all commercial names. v Operated upto 100 mts. v Used for wireless LAN application. v In this there are three standards. v 11

Broadband Wireless Technologies v Cellular Telephony v 2 G v v – GSM, CDMA - 9 -14 Kbps 2. 5 G – GSM(GPRS/EDGE), CDMA 2000 1 x GPRS - 115 Kbps EDGE - 384 Kbps CDMA 2000 1 x - 170 Kbps 3 G – UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA 2000 1 x. EVDO/EVDV - 384 K (M), 2048 K(S) 12

Wi. MAX v Wi. MAX-Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access • IEEE 802. 16 standard defines the Wireless MAN air interface specification • Complements Wi-Fi by providing wireless broadband backhaul to 802. 11 hotspots and last mile • Service area range of 50 kms • IEEE 802. 16 d - Provides shared data rates up to 70 Mbps in 2 -11 Ghz band • IEEE 802. 16 e – Used for mobile WMAN upto 30 Mbps in 2 -6 GHz range. • Wi. Bro – provides 1 Mbps to people moving at 70 km/hr. 13

Broadband Wireless Technologies v LMDS & MMDS • Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadband service • LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System § Operates in various bands such as 10. 5 Ghz (8 kms) and 26 & 29 Ghz (3 kms) • MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System § Operates in 2 -3 Ghz (20 -40 kms radius) § Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps 14

Broadband Wireless Technologies v FSO (Free Space Optics) • Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics) or Optical wireless • Enables optical transmission of data through open space at near infrared wavelengths (Tera Hz) • Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over few kilometers 15

Broadband Wireless Technologies v Satellite • Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) & DTH (Direct To Home) terminals • C, Ku & Ka bands are used for services involving fixed terminals • L band is used for mobile services • Offers data rates 9. 6 Kbps for a handheld terminal and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal • Future will support up to 155 Mbps 16

Broadband Wireline Technologies v DSL-Digital Subscriber line • Technology for high bandwidth to home and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines • Achievable data rate depends on the distance and cable impairments 17

DSL Technologies Technology ITU-T Standard Distance Downstream Data Rate Upstream Data Rate ADSL G-992. 1 3. 5 Kms 8 Mbps 640 Kbps Splitterless ADSL G-992. 2 4. 0 Kms 1. 5 Mbps 512 Kbps ADSLExtended Bandwidth G-992. 5 1. 5 Kms 16 Mbps 100 Kbps 2 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991. 2 3. 0 Kms 2312 Kbps 4 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991. 2 3. 0 Kms 4624 Kbps Very High-speed DSL G-993. 1 300 Mts 52 Mbps 6 -26 Mbps Very High-speed DSL G-993. 1 700 Mts 26 Mbps 18

Broadband Wireline Technologies v Cable Modem • Allows high speed access to the Internet via a cable television network • Uses cable modem technology through the use of Set-Top-Box at the customer premises 19

Broadband Wireline Technologies v Optical Fibre Technologies • Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry enormous amount of information over unlimited distances can be deployed for broadband access in: PON (Passive Optical Network) § FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home) § FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb) § HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial) § 20

FTTC v Here the terminal equipment is located on the curb from where it would be convenient to serve a suitable service area. The distribution would be still copper. 21

FTTB Here the terminal eqpt. Is located inside a multistoried building. v The distribution part is still copper. v 22

FTTH v Here the fibre goes upto the subscriber premises. 23

Passive optical netwroks v v v Most networks in the telecom. N/ws are based on active components at the serving office exchange and termination points at the customer premises as well as in the repeaters, relays and other devices in the transmission path between the exchange and the customer. These active components require power. With passive optical n/ws , all active components between the central office exchange and the customer premises are eliminated and passive optical components are put into the n/w to guide traffic based on splitting the power of optical wavlengths to endpoints along the way. ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN 24

This replacement provides a cost saving to the service provider by eliminating the need to power and service active components in the transmission loop. v The passive splitters or couplers are merely devices working to pass or restrict light and as such have no power. v 25

Broadband Wireline Technologies v PLC-Power Line Communication • Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) • Can provide broadband Internet access through ordinary power lines • Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing the phone network as well as the cable network in size and coverage • Suffers from technological challenges due to interference with noise, radio and television etc. 26

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