BRITISH HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS Mgr Naa Bisov Gymnzium

BRITISH HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS Mgr. Naďa Bisová

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy ANOTACE • Kód DUMu: VY_32_INOVACE_2. AJ. 15 • Číslo projektu: CZ. 1. 07/1. 5. 00/34. 0114 • Vytvořeno: září 2012 • Ročník: 3. ročník a 4. ročník – čtyřleté gymnázium (RVP-G), Septima a Oktáva – osmileté gymnázium (RVP-G) Jazyk a jazyková komunikace Vzdělávací oblast • Vzdělávací obor Anglický jazyk Tematický okruh The United Kingdom Anotace: Tento materiál byl vytvořen jako osnova pro maturitní okruh: The United Kingdom na Gymnáziu a JŠ Svitavy na několik tematicky propojených hodin (pro výklad i opakování – shrnutí učiva). Obsahuje přehled slovní zásoby a základní frazeologie doplněný o cvičení na upevnění a procvičení dané slovní zásoby. Zahrnuta jsou i cvičení na samotný rozvoj mluvní dovednosti v dané tematické oblasti. Materiál je primárně zaměřen na dva poslední ročníky gymnázia, i přesto se dá využít i v nižších ročnících osmiletého i čtyřletého studia vcelku nebo jeho jednotlivé části. Pomůcky: interaktivní tabule

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy HALLOWEEN WHEN? : on 31 October • The night when ghosts are said to wander the earth. • Children and adults often have parties where they dress up as witches and ghosts. • Children go „trick or treating“ – they visit their neighbours´ homes and ask for some sweets (treat). If they are not given any sweets, they might play a trick on the neighbour, such as scattering doorstep. flour over the

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy HALLOWEEN • People make a lantern. They hollow out a pumpkin carve out a face and place a • (this is called a candle inside „jack o´lantern“). The lantern is placed outside a door or by a window to ward off evil spirits.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy HALLOWEEN PARTY GAME • Bobbing for apples: • How to play? o Put some apples in a big bowl of water. o Keep your hands behind your back. o Take an apple out of the water with your teeth. o Than the next player tries.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BONFIRE NIGHT/GUY FAWKES´NIGHT • People celebrate the failure of the plan in 1605 to destroy the parliament buildings with explosives. • They light bonfires (private or large public events) and have fireworks. • Some children make a guy, a figure of a man made of old clothes stuffed with newspaper or straw to represent Guy Fawkes. The guy is then burned on top of a bonfire on Bonfire Night. • There is a rhyme: Please to remember, The fifth of November, Gunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason why gunpowder treason Should ever be forgot.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BONFIRE NIGHT/GUY FAWKES´NIGHT • WHEN? On 5 November • people celebrate Bonfire Night in memory of a famous event in British history - the Gunpowder Plot: o In 1605 a group of Catholic men wanted to kill James I, the king of England because they wanted a Catholic king. o They put 36 boxes of gunpowder in the cellars before the opening of Parliament by the King on 5 November. o The plan was discovered. o One of the group, Guy Fawkes, was arrested and forced to give the names of the others. His name has remained the only one most people know, although he was not the leader of the group. • Every year, before the opening of Parliament, the cellars are searched in a special ceremony.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy REMEMBRANCE DAY • WHEN? On 11 November • On 11 November 1918, the First World War came to an end. o In 1919 an Australian man, Edward George Honey, wrote to the London Evening News. In his letter he asked people to stop on one day and think about the soldiers who died in the war. King George the Fifth saw the letter and agreed. • People are silent for two minutes at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh, they stop work and remember the soldiers who died in all the different wars.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY • WHEN? the Sunday nearest to November 11 • There are military parades and church services. • People put flowers at the war memorials. In London, the queen and the Prime Ministre put flowers on the big war memorial called the Cenotaph (see ) • At this time of the year many people wear red paper flowers called poppies. o During the First World War, hundreds of soldiers died on the fields of Flanders (Belgium). Later, thousands of poppies grew in the same fields. o When people buy the paper poppies today, the money helps old soldiers and their families. • Compare: Veterans Day in the USA

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy ADVENT • the period of approximately four weeks before Christmas • People get ready for Christmas, when they celebrate the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem about two thousand years ago. • Advent Calenders: o calendars with 24 windows that children open each day until Christmas Day (behind each window there is a picture or chocolate) • an Advent wreath with four candles o each Sunday people light one more candle on the wreath

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BEFORE CHRISTMAS About one month before Christmas people make Christmas pudding (nowadays a lot of people buy it) • a fruit pudding • covered in alcohol • before serving it is lit by a match/ set on fire • when it stops burning, you eat it with cream and brandy butter = a sweet sauce made of sugar, butter and brandy • often a ring, coin and thimble inside

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BEFORE CHRISTMAS • People o buy Christmas presents o send Christmas cards o decorate the Christmas tree/their houses (Prince Albert, Queen Victoria´s husband brought the tradition from Germany to England (in the mid 19 th century)

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy CHRISTMAS - vocabulary Carol singers Holly Baubles Mince pie Mistletoe Mulled wine Tinsel

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy CHRISTMAS DAY • WHEN? December 25 • On Christmas Eve children hang up Christmas stockings, they hope that Father Christmas/Santa Claus will fill the stockings with toys. o What does he look like? • He is an old man with a white beard and red clothes. o Where does he live? • He lives at the North Pole.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy CHRISTMAS DAY • On Christmas Eve Father Christmas travels through the sky in a sleigh pulled by reindeer to bring children their presents. He comes down the chimney and leaves present in the Christmas stockings. • In some homes it is the custom to leave a small glass of milk/whisky and a piece of Christmas cake/biscuits on the mantelpiece for Santa Claus and a piece of carrot for his reindeer.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy CHRISTMAS DAY • On Christmas Day people: o open the presents o pull crackers - cardboard tubes filled with a silly gift, a party hat and a Christmas joke. In pairs, you pull the crackers and it makes a noise like a firecracker) VIDEO: How to make a Christmas crackers o eat turkey / Christmas pudding for Christmas dinner o At 3 o´clock on Christmas Day they listen to the Queen´s speech VIDEO: 2013 Christmas Message - Queen Elizabeth II

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BOXING DAY • WHEN? On 26 December • In the past: it was the day when people gave Christmas boxes (small gifts of money) to their employees or servants. • Nowadays: people: o visit their relatives o watch TV

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy NEW YEAR´S EVE • WHEN? On 31 December • people have • They on New Year´s Eve till to toast in the New Year • in Britain, people wait to hear the of Big Ben on TV • in London, many people gather • People sing a in Trafalgar Square song called „Auld Lang Syne“ • At midnight there is a big firework display VIDEO: London Fireworks 2014 • Many people make a New Year´s resolution (a promise to yourself to do something). resolution midnight gather traditional chimes stay up parties firework

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy NEW YEAR´S EVE in Scotland • In Scotland, New Year´s Eve is called Hogmanay. • The biggest Hogmanay party is Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. VIDEO: 2013 Hogmonay celebrations, Edingurgh • The evening starts with a parade through the city centre. Thousands of people carry burning torches. People play bagpipes and drums at the front of the parade. Then there’s a big street party with live music.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy NEW YEAR´S EVE in Scotland • At midnight there is a big firework display in the sky over Edinburgh Castle. Then everybody sings a Scottish song called ‘Auld Lang Syne’. o written by Scotland’s most famous poet Robert Burns o about 200 years ago o The song says that it is good to remember your old friends. VIDEO: Auld Lang Syne • After midnight, people go ‘first-footing’ – you visit your friends and you take them a piece of coal for good luck (or a bottle of whisky ).

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy NEW YEAR´S DAY • WHEN? On 1 JANUARY • a holiday - banks and many shops are closed • a lot of people make a New Year´s resolution o Have you made any New Year´s resolutions? • After the holiday the shops are very busy with January sales. o Do you often go January sales shopping?

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy THE TWELFTH NIGHT • WHEN? On 6 January • the twelfth day after Christmas and the traditional end of the celebrations of Christmas and New Year • Most people take down their Christmas trees and decorations.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy BURNS´NIGHT • WHEN? On 25 January • the celebration of the birthday of Robert BURNS (175996), Scotland´s great national poet (often called Rabbie), VIDEO • Scottish people have a big dinner: o traditional Scottish dishes are eaten: haggis (made from liver, cereals and fat served in a sheep´s stomach), mashed potatoes and turnips • They read poems and sing songs written by Robert Burns

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy VALENTINE´S DAY • WHEN? on 14 February • On this day it is a custom to send flowers, cards or chocolates to the person you love. • People sending Valentine cards do not usually sign their name, they just write: „Be my Valentine“, or „From your Valentine“.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy VALENTINE´S DAY thought in Rome • HISTORY: Valentine was a Christian who 1. ____ in the 3 rd century. The Roman Emperor at the time, Claudius II, 2. workednot a Christian. Claudius 3. _______ lived that married ____ was had to his soldiers men 4. _____ poor soldiers, so he 5. _____ that they must not marry. fell • Valentine 6. _____ for the church, and one day he told made to marry. The Emperor 7. _____ a soldier who 8. _____ wrote die because of this, 9. _____ that Valentine 10. _____ died worked Valentine to prison. and he 11. _____ sent • But Valentine 12. _____ in love with the daughter of a man said sent who 13. _____ there. Just before he 14. _____ (on 14 wanted a note to this woman, and at the February), he 15. _____ helped : „Your Valentine“. end of the note, he 16. ______

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy VALENTINE´S DAY - key lived • HISTORY: Valentine was a Christian who 1. _____ in Rome in the 3 rd century. The Roman Emperor at the time, Claudius II, 2. was not a Christian. Claudius 3. _____ thoughtthat married _____ men 4. _____ made poor soldiers, so he 5. _____ told his soldiers that they must not marry. worked • Valentine 6. _____ for the church, and one day he helped a soldier who 8. _____ wanted to marry. The Emperor 7. _____ said had to die because of this, 9. _____ that Valentine 10. _____ sent and he 11. _____ Valentine to prison. fell • But Valentine 12. _____ in love with the daughter of a man worked there. Just before he 14. _____ died who 13. _____ (on 14 wrote February), he 15. _____ a note to this woman, and at the sent end of the note, he 16. ______ : „Your Valentine“.

NATIONAL DAYS Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy WALES • 1 March - SAINT DAVID´S DAY • St. David – the patron saint of Wales IRELAND • 17 March – SAINT PATRICK´S DAY • St. Patrick - the patron saint of Ireland ENGLAND • 23 April – SAINT GEORGE´S DAY • St. George - the patron saint of England SCOTLAND • 30 November - SAINT ANDREW´S DAY • St. Andrew - the patron saint of Scotland

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy EASTER • people celebrate Easter the first Sunday after the first full moon after 21 March • a Christian festival • Easter are preceded by Lent: o the 40 days before Easter o from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday o the forty days represent the time Jesus spent in the desert praying and fasting o some Christians eat less food or stop doing something that they enjoy…. .

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy Pancake Day/Shrove Tuesday • The day before Ash Wednesday is called Pancake Day or Shrove Tuesday. • In the past, people traditionally stopped eating eggs and milk. So just before Lent began, they took all their eggs and milk and made thin round cakes called pancakes. • Today : • millions of Britons make and eat pancakes on Shrove Tuesday • there also "pancake races", in which a group of runners race round a town or village. Each of them has a frying pan with a pancake in it and has to toss the pancake at regular intervals.

EASTER Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy Poslední den masopustu Holy Saturday Popeleční středa Lent 40 -ti denní půst Pancake Day/Shrove Tuesday Květná neděle Palm Sunday Zelený čtvrtek Velký pátek Bílá sobota Velikonoční neděle Velikonoční pondělí Easter Sunday Good Friday Easter Monday Maundy Thursday Ash Wednesday

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy Palm Sunday EASTER Maundy Thursday people remember the Last Supper Good Friday Easter Sunday Christ was crucified Christ resurrection one week before Easter, people put palm leaves on the ground in front of Christ as he entered Jerusalem

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy GOOD FRIDAY • The Friday before Easter when Christians remember the Crucifixion of Christ. • People eat hot cross buns (a sweet bread bun with currants and spices and with a cross on top of it which reminds us of the death of Jesus on the cross) o usually toasted and eaten hot with butter o There is a song about them Hot Cross Buns, one a penny, two a penny, hot Cross buns, If you have no daughters, give them to your sons, one a penny, two a penny, Hot Cross Buns. "

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy EASTER • Easter is also a celebration of new life after the long, cold winter (pagan origin) • What are the symbols of new life? o Chicken o Lamb o Eggs o Rabbits/bunnies o Daffodils

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy EASTER BONNET TRADITION • It was once common for people to wear new clothes to church on Easter Sunday (your Sunday best) • Women wore new hats, called Easter bonnets. They put lots of spring flowers on them and wear them in Easter bonnet parades. VIDEO: How to make an Easter bonnet?

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy EASTER • Egg hunt - Parents hide Easter eggs around the house and garden and children have a race to find as many eggs as they can. • Egg rolling - a competition to see who can roll a hardboiled egg: o the furthest o down a hill and the first egg to get to the foot of the hill is the winner

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy APRIL FOOL´S DAY • Until the middle of the 16 century, France celebrated the new year on 1 April. Then in 1564, King Charles IX decided to change this, and the new year began on 1 January. • The message about this change travelled through the country very slowly, and some people did not know about the change or did not like it. When these people tried to give new year presents on 1 April, other people laughed at them and called them „fools“ or stupid people. • After this, 1 April was called All Fool´s Day, and later April Fool´s Day. In many countries it became a day to play jokes on people and laugh at them.

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy APRIL FOOL´S DAY • Some people play little jokes on their friends and family o perhaps they change the time on the clocks o put salt in the sugar bowl…. • Have you ever played a joke on your friend on April Fool´s Day?

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy APRIL FOOL´S HOAXES • Every year, there are jokes on TV, in the newspapers, and on the radio, too: o In 1957, the BBC showed a television programme about Swiss spaghetti trees: Video: Swiss spaghetti trees; o at that time, spaghetti was a new food so people did not know much about it. When the programme finished, a lot of people telephoned the BBC to buy spaghetti for their gardens. • Read about 1998 Burger King´s hamburger:

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy MOTHER´S DAY • the second Sunday in May FATHER´S DAY • the third Sunday in June

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy OFFICIAL BIRTHDAY • WHEN? the second Saturday in June • the date on which the birthday of the British king or queen is officially celebrated, though it is not his or her real birthday. • marked by: o Trooping the Colour (regiments parade the flag before the monarch) o the announcement of the Birthday Honours

Gymnázium a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušky Svitavy Zdroje a literatura 1. MAGUIRE, Jackie: Seasons and celebrations. Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978 -0 -19 -4233835. 2. Oxford Advanced English Dictionary. OUP, 2010, ISBN 978 -0 -19 -4799126. 3. EL-HMOUDOVÁ, Dagmar. Angličtina Maturitní Témata. Třebíč: Petra Velanová, 2006, ISBN 978 -80 -86873 -04 -6. 4. PERCLOVÁ, Radka. Speak Out in English. Plzeň: Fraus, 1997, ISBN 8085784 -97 -1. Veškeré použité obrázky pocházejí z otevřené galerie Microsoft Office (Powerpoint, verze 2010) a veřejně přístupných zdrojů www. photosearch. com. Materiál je určen pro bezplatné používání pro potřeby výuky a vzdělávání na všech typech škol a školských zařízeních. Jakékoliv další využití podléhá autorskému zákonu.