British Empire 1750 1763 ITS ABOUT TO GET

British Empire: 1750 -1763 IT’S ABOUT TO GET REAL…

King George’s War Britain and France are still frienemies Austria changes allegiance to France Prussia allies with England Result: tension-filled peace

1750 -1754 Ohio Valley is in demand Virginia Pennsylvania France Iroquois Confederacy (six tribes now) Native Americans who live there

1750 -1754 (cont) Britain – VA and PA traders strengthen British influence France builds a chain of forts in 1753 Virginia sends George Washington to negotiate France’s evacuation France says, “thanks, but no thanks”

1750 -1754 (cont) Albany Congress – Seven Colonies persuade Iroquois Confederacy nations to remain friendly with British. **IMPORTANT** Delegates endorse proposal for colonial confederation (Albany Plan of the Union) Ben Franklin (PA) Thomas Hutchinson (MA)

Albany Congress

Albany Congress (cont) APU outlined a plan for a “grand Council” representing all colonial assemblies with a crownappointed president general as its executive officer. Council with develop coordinated policies regarding military defense and Indian affairs which the colonies would fund according to an agreed upon formula. Enduring Vision, p. 123

French & Indian War (Seven Years’ War) Washington’s activity sparks the war (1754) Britain sends 1, 000 troops to North America

French & Indian War (Seven Years’ War) July 9, 1755 – Natives, French, and Canadians join French hold the British off for 3 years Britain has more numbers, but France and Native American allies capture Ft. Oswego on Lake Ontario (1756) and Ft. Henry on Lake George (1757)

French & Indian War TWO huge developments for Britain Iroquois become disgruntled with France 1758 side with England William Pitt takes over control of military affairs in British Cabinet Puts burden of fighting on Colonies, but financial burden on Parliament

French & Indian War Troops under General Amherst capture Ft. Duquesne & Louisbourg in 1758 1759 French leave northern NY state September 1759 – French commander-in-chief Montcalm is defeated French stop fighting in 1760 when Montreal surrenders

French & Indian War 1763 (a big year for Britain!) 2/10/1763 – Treaty of Paris officially ends the war April – Ottawa Chief Pontiac unites Native tribes in an offense against British 10/7/1763 – King George III signs Proclamation of 1763 reserving land west of Allegheny Mountains for Native Americans (AKA Proclamation Line)

French & Indian War

Seven Years’ War

Sparks Fly…Emotions Run High British and Colonial troops don’t like each other British and Colonial civilians don’t like each other Colonists don’t like housing and feeding “arrogant” British troops King views this as undermining his authority and effort to defend territories

Sparks Fly…Tensions Run High British living in England are angry with Pitt Colonists profited from war; Britain sinks into debt (during war) Colonists prosper – buy British goods – increase British manufacturing – increases Britain’s economy What happened when war ended…?

Sparks Fly…Tensions Run High Natives want French to come back New Native/Colonial skirmishes drive debt higher Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763 – Delaware, Ottawa, and Pontiac attack eight British forts near Great Lakes Lasts about 3 years King George III issues Proclamation of 1763

North America after 1763