Brinkley The Unfinished Nation Chapter TwentyTwo The New

Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era The New Economy n The New Culture n A Conflict of Cultures n Republican Government n

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n The New Economy n Technology, Organization, and Economic Growth n n n Rise of the Automobile Industry n n n Manufacturing +60% in 20 s Income up 1/3 Stimulated road construction, oil industry, suburban housing Radio = universal Commercial Aviation Auto workers assemble a Ford Genetic Research - Mendel Model T Growing Industrial Consolidation

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Workers in an Age of Capital n n ½ < poverty level Welfare Capitalism n Henry Ford: n n Bleak Time for Labor n n Pensions Reduced workweek Better wages AFL = “craft unions” “American Plan” n Union-busting (open shop) Henry Ford

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Women and Minorities in the Work Force n “Pink-Collar” Jobs n n Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters n n Unskilled workers – no union A. Phillip Randolph Rising Asian and Mexican Immigration n Chinese excluded: Japanese replace A. Phillip Randolph

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Agricultural Technology and the Plight of the Farmer n Tractors, etc: Declining Food Prices Surpluses from overproduction n Out-migration from farms in 20 s n n Mc. Nary-Haugen Bill “Parity” concept n Coolidge vetoes n Interactive Map: Breakdown of Rural Isolation Breaking Down Rural Isolation: The Expansion of Travel Horizons in Oregon, Illinois

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n The New Culture n Consumerism and Communications n Growing Consumer Culture n n Advertising “Boosterism” Bruce Barton – The Man Nobody Knows n Birth of Commercial Radio n n NBC = 1927 (1 st national broadcast network) Woman demonstrating new “electric dish” by GE

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Psychology and Psychiatry n n n Sigmund Freud & Carl Jung Behavioralism Opportunities for Women "The behaviorist advances the view that what the psychologists have hitherto called thought is in short nothing but talking to ourselves. “ - John B. Watson Woman in Red Cross nurse's uniform

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Women in the New Era n n Motherhood Redefined Margaret Sanger n n Birth control legalized “Flappers” “No woman call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother. ” - Margaret Sanger

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n The New Culture n The Disenchanted n Modern Society Critiqued n n n “Debunkers” – H. L. Mencken Sinclair Lewis - Babbit F. Scott Fitzgerald – Great Gatsby Hemingway, Dos Passos, Ezra Pound… “Harlem Renaissance” n n Langston Hughes Jazz: Duke Ellington “I am a Negro - and beautiful!“ - Langston Hughes

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n A Conflict of Cultures n Prohibition – A Documentary by Ken Burns Organized Crime Takes Over Failure of Prohibition “Wets” versus “Drys” n n Protestant Vision: Rural Morality v. Urban Decay Not repealed until 1933 (21 st Amendment) Anti-Saloon League at Washington, D. C. , Dec. 8, 1921 (Library of Congress)

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Nativism and the Klan n National Origins Act of 1924 n Bans immigration from E. Asia n Limits immigration overall (150, 000/year) n KKK Reborn 1915 Catholics, Jews, foreigners n 1924: 4 million members n Total Immigration, 1920 -1960

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n A Conflict of Cultures n Religious Fundamentalism n Fundamentalists versus Modernists n n Oppose Evolution Theory Scopes Trial n n n Tennessee (1925) ACLU – Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan Public reaction to the “Monkey trial” in Dayton, Tennessee

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Republican Government n 1921 -33: Control White House & Congress n Harding and Coolidge Warren Harding n Teapot Dome Scandal n Dies in SF, July 1923 n n Calvin Coolidge Warren G. Harding, 1928: “I do not choose to President, 1921 -23 run” “The business of America is business. ” n - Calvin Coolidge, President, 1923 -29

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n The Democrats’ Ordeal n n Divided Democrats Al Smith Irish Catholic NY Governor n 1924 DNC Convention: 103 ballots: John Davis n n 1928: Smith nominated Fails to carry entire South n Victim of anti-Catholic views n Election of 1928: Herbert Hoover

Chapter Twenty-Two: The New Era n Republican Government and Business – Continued “Partners” Sharp Tax Reductions (Coolidge) n “Associationalism” n n Hoover: Stabilize industries through voluntary organizations to reduce over -production Herbert Hoover, President, 1929 -1933