Brinkley The Unfinished Nation 4e Chapter Sixteen The
Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, 4/e Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n. The Societies of the Far West n. The Changing Western Economy n. The Romance of the West n. The Dispersal of the Tribes n. The Rise and Decline of the Western Farmer 16 -1
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n. The n Societies of the Far West The Western Tribes n Plains Indians n Most widespread n Sioux, Arapaho, Cheyenne n Indian Disadvantages 16 -2 n Disunited Plains Indians (Frederick Ferdinand Shafer)
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n Hispanic New Mexico n n n Taos Indian Rebellion (1847) Navajo, Hopi, Apache Hispanic California & Texas n Anglo-American Onslaught n n 16 -3 “Californios” lands, ranchos lost Hispanics Oppressed n Juan Cortina revolt General Stephen Kearny
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Chinese Migration n n Increasing Chinese Immigration Transcontinental Railroad “Chinatowns” Few Chinese women A Chinese Family Prostitution in San Francisco n Late Migration Stopped by Exclusion Act n Ah Louis Store, SLO 16 -4
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n Anti-Chinese Sentiments n n Tong Wars Workingmen’s Party Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Chinese Population in CA Declines 40% in 40 years Campaign Poster for Workingmen’s Party Candidate in California 16 -5
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n Migration from the East Millions – many foreignborn n Homestead Act of 1862 n n 160 n ac = too small in west New Western States n 1900: All but OK, AZ, NM n Utah: Required to end polygamy (Mormon practice) 16 -6 Norwegian Settlers in 1890 s (Library of Congress)
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Changing Western Economy n Labor in the West Multiracial Working Class n Whites on top, other races below n n Economy: Mining, ranching, farming Immigrant Orange Pickers in Los Angeles 16 -7
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Arrival of the Miners n Mining Booms California – 1849 n Colorado – 1859 n Comstock Lode – Nevada n n n George Hearst $306 million, 1860 -1880 (Library of Congress) Gender Disparity Wage labor – poor working conditions Interactive Link: Mining Towns of the West, 1848 -1883 16 -8 San Francisco, 1852
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Changing Western Economy n The Cattle Kingdom Mexican Roots n “Long Drive” – Texas to Missouri, Kansas n Cowboys on a “Long Drive” “Range Wars” n Decline of the Open-Range Interactive Map: Cattle Kingdom - Routes of the Cattle Drives, 1866 -1887 Industry n 16 -9
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Romance of the West n The Western Landscape and the Cowboy “Rocky Mountain School” – Albert Bierstadt, T. Moran n Cowboys Mythologized n 16 -10 Thomas Moran, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, 1872 Panorama of Lake Chelan WA, 1908 (Library of Congress)
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Idea of the Frontier n Romantic Image of the Frontier Wild West Shows – Bill Cody n Mark Twain n Teddy Roosevelt n n Frederick Jackson Turner Billboard for Wild West Shows “Passing of the Frontier” “The nexistence an American area of free land, its continuous recession and the advance End ofofan myth n of settlement westward, explain American Development. ” Frederick Jackson Turner 16 -11
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Dispersal of the Tribes n White Policies Toward Plains Tribes 1851: Defined Reservations n 1867: “Concentration” Policy n n Two “Permanent” reservations (Oklahoma, Dakotas) BIA Corrupt, incompetent Buffalo Herds Decimated 1865: 15 million n 1875: Less than 1, 000 left n 16 -12 Buffalo Runners, by Frederick Remington
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Indian Wars n n Growing Indian Resistance Sand Creek Massacre (1864) Black Kettle n 133 killed, 105 = women, children n n “Indian Hunting” (vigilantes) Chief Little Crow, 1851 (Eastern Sioux) 16 -13
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Indian Wars, cont. Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) n Custer, 7 th Cavalry Massacred n First Centennial n Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce n 1, 321 miles, 75 days n Heroic Resistance n Interactive Link: Chief Joseph Surrenders in Canada “I am tired of talk that comes to nothing. It makes my heart sick when I remember all the good words and all the broken promises. There has been too much talking by men who had no right to talk… From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever. ” - Chief Joseph 16 -14
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n Indian Wars, cont. n n “Ghost Dance” Wounded Knee Massacre – 1890 n n 200 Indians, 40 soldiers Dispersal of the Tribes n Dawes Act (1887) n n n 16 -15 n Eliminate Tribal Ownership Assimilation Promoted Tribal religions discouraged Children removed Sioux Ghost Dance of 1890
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n The Rise and Decline of the Western Farmer n n From Boom to Bust Farming on the Plains n Cheap Rail Rates, land prices n n Migration encouraged Above average rainfall Scarce Water n Late 1880’s: Reverse Migration n 16 -16 Plains Farm Family
Chapter Sixteen: The Conquest of the Far West n Commercial Agriculture n n The Farmers’ Grievances n n n Overproduction - worldwide Grievances Against Railroads Belief in Conspiracy The Agrarian Malaise n 16 -17 Isolation and Obsolescence Lining up for the Grain Elevator
- Slides: 17