Brief Introduction to Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization is one
Brief Introduction to Virtualization
Virtualization • Virtualization is one of the hottest trends in information technology today. • Virtualization is changing the IT world in significant ways.
Types of Virtualization • • • Application Desktop Hardware Network Storage https: //www. techadvisory. org/2018/07/here-are-5 -types-of-virtualization/
Hardware Virtualization (Virtualization hereafter…)
multi-OSs running in a physical machine
What is Virtualization? • At its simplest level, virtualization allows you, virtually and cost-effectively, to have two or more computers, running two or more completely different environments, on one piece of hardware. – For example, with virtualization, you can have both a Linux machine and a Windows machine on one system. – Alternatively, you could host a Windows 95 desktop and a Windows XP desktop on one workstation.
A system without virtualization
With virtualization In microsoft’s term: “hardware virtualization”
Virtual Machine/Computer • A virtual computer has the same “look and feel” as a physical computer – Virtual processor, virtual memory, virtual disk and virtual network card – Can run exactly the same software (e. g. Windows, Linux) – But multiple virtual computers need to timeshare a single physical computer!
Why Virtualization? • • Underutilized hardware System administration costs mount Data centers run out of space Green initiatives demand better energy efficiency
Why Virtualization?
Why Virtualization? - example http: //www. im. ncue. edu. tw/, with 2 Xeon CPUs
Why Virtualization? - example http: //www. im. ncue. edu. tw/, with 2 Xeon CPUs
Why Virtualization?
Administrative Cost Saving (機器越多、管的人越累)
Why Virtualization?
Why Virtualization? • Virtualization is designed to simplify system upgrades (and in some cases may eliminate the need for such upgrades), by allowing users to capture the state of a virtual machine (VM), and then transport that state in its entirety from an old to a new host system.
Why Virtualization?
Example Products Top 10 Virtualization Technology Companies
VMWare
MS Hyper-V
MS Virtual PC 2007
Oracle Virtual. Box
Types of Hardware Virtualization
全虛擬化 (e. g. , MS Virtual PC, VMWare Workstation, Oracle Virtual. Box)
半虛擬化 Hardware Assisted Virtualization (e. g. , MS Hyper-V, VMWare v. Sphere) Intel VT and AMD-V extensions.
另一種分類 (In MS-term) • Desktop virtualization – When used on client machines, this approach is often called desktop virtualization • Server virtualization – while using it on server systems is known as server virtualization.
Desktop virtualization • Desktop virtualization can be useful in situations like. . . – 例子 … – to deal with incompatibility between applications and desktop operating systems. • For example, a user running Windows Vista needs to use an application that runs only on Windows XP with Service Pack 2. – Creating a VM that runs XP operating system
Server virtualization • Instead of paying for many under-utilized server machines, each dedicated to a specific workload, server virtualization allows consolidating those workloads onto a smaller number of more fully used machines economic • This implies fewer people to manage those computers, less space to house them, and fewer kilowatt hours of power to run them, all of which saves money.
Things to Do (due 3/14) • Understand Virtualization, types of Virtualization, current Virtualization Technologies & Products – 以上，可以在不看文件的前提下跟我聊一聊
Things to Do • Read … – https: //www. techadvisory. org/2018/07/hereare-5 -types-of-virtualization/ – Due 2/27 • Hand-On Experience on … and build your first virtual machine – A Linux (Ubuntu server) virtual machine on top of Virtual. Box – Due 3/6
電腦/雲端運算的演化 • 大型主機 (Mainframe) / 超級電腦 (Super Computer) • 作站 (Workstation) / 個人電腦 (PC) • 叢集運算 (Cluster Computing) • 分散式運算 (Distributed Computing) • 網格運算 (Grid Computing) • 公用運算 (Utility Computing) • 雲端運算 (Cloud Computing) 43
大型主機 (Mainframe) 44
超級電腦 (Super Computer) Cray 1 45
CRAY X-MP 46
CRAY YMP，1988~1992 47
作站 (Workstation，1990 s) Digital Dec 5000 Workstation (1992, my Corvette) 售價：~ USD 20, 000 效能： 3. 7 MFLOPS (FLOPS = 每秒浮點運算數) 比較： ENIAC: 300 FLOPS 史上第一台電腦 CRAY-1: 160 MFLOPS (1976, 880 萬 USD) CRAY C 90: 1 GFLOPS (1991) Intel Core i 7 980 XE : 107. 6 GFLOPS 2022/2/16 NVIDIA Geforce GTX 980: 4. 6 TFLOPS 48
Cluster Computing 50
SETI@Home SETI=Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence • 該計畫利用超過 300 萬名參與者的個人 電腦的空閒時間進行分析無線電訊號的 運算，以期能找出外星生物 You can participate by running a free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data. 52
Einstein@Home • World Year of Physics 2005 and an International Year of Astronomy 2009 project • Uses your computer's idle time to search for weak astrophysical signals from spinning neutron stars using data from the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors, the Arecibo radio telescope, and the Fermi gamma-ray satellite. 53
About Einstein@Home • Einstein@Home volunteers have already discovered about fifty new neutron stars, and we hope to find many more … 54
LIGO http: //www. thenewslens. com/post/283252/ 55
重力波 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. NXJf. Dv. Nc 2 s 56
重力波 & 中子星、黑洞 & etc http: //www. thenewslens. com/post/283252/ 57
LIGO &重力波 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. NXJf. Dv. Nc 2 s 58
LIGO &重力波 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. NXJf. Dv. Nc 2 s 59
LIGO &重力波 資料分析 Einstein@Home https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. NXJf. Dv. Nc 2 s 60
現有的雲端運算服務 • Amazon • Microsoft • IBM • Google • … 65
雲端運算產業類型 Saa. S Software as a Service Paa. S Platform as a Service Iaa. S Infrastructure as a Service 66 www. spoutingshite. com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/saas_and_cloud_computing. ppt
Iaa. S 2022/2/16 67
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 68
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 • 隨需執行個體 (On-Demand Instances) • 預留執行個體 (Reserved Instances) • 競價型執行個體 (Spot Instances) 69
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 (M 4 Instance) 71
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 (M 4 Instance) 隨需執行 72
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 作業系統 73
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 虛擬機所在 74
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 75
Amazon EC 2 新增虛擬機 2022/2/16 76
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 77
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 78
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 79
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 80
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 81
Iaa. S – Amazon EC 2 82
Iaa. S – Google Compute 83
Iaa. S – Google Compute 84
Google Compute 新增虛擬機 2022/2/16 85
Iaa. S – Google Compute 86
Iaa. S – Google Compute 87
Iaa. S – Google Compute 88
Iaa. S – Google Compute 89
Iaa. S – Google Compute 90
Iaa. S – Google Compute 91
Ivy Bridge? 2022/2/16 92
Iaa. S – Google Compute 93
Iaa. S – Google Compute 94
Iaa. S – Google Compute 95
Iaa. S – Google Compute 96
Iaa. S – Google Compute 97
Iaa. S – Microsoft Azure 98
Paa. S 2022/2/16 99
Paa. S – Google Compute 100
Paa. S – Google Compute 101
Paa. S – MS Azure 102
Paa. S – MS Azure 103
Saa. S 2022/2/16 104
Saa. S – Gmail & etc
Things to Do (due 3/6) • Find out what are: – Einstein@Home – 重力波相關 • http: //www. thenewslens. com/post/283252/ • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=CW 2 hl 9 se 8 BM • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 YLM 5 Oj. Pyr. Y • First visit of YOUR Cloud web site (3/6) – Find out what kind of services it provides – 以上，可以在不看文件的前提下跟我聊一聊
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