Bridge A bridge is a structure that connects
Bridge • A bridge is a structure that connects two roads across a waterway. • Head losses occur while water passes through the bridge between its walls. • Head losses should not exceed 10 cm.
≤ 10 cm Water depth d Longitudinal section in a bridge.
B 0. 75 m S d b Cross section in a bridge
Hydraulic Design • Hydraulic design is conducted to obtain the number of vents (n) and the span of the vent (s) • The selection is made such that the head losses does not exceed 10 cm. • A simple design can be achieved following the next steps:
• Assume n, then calculate S as follows: • Adjust S to a practical value (S ≤ 5. 0 m) • Calculate the velocity through the bridge Where Q is the discharge in m 3/sec, V is the velocity in m/sec and Aw is the water area.
Aw = n. S. d Where d is the water depth. • Head losses is calculated as follows Where Hl is head loss (m), g is gravitational acceleration (9. 81 m/sec 2), C is a constant.
• C = 0. 72 for S ≤ 2. 0 m • C = 0. 82 for S ≤ 4. 0 m • C = 0. 92 for S > 4. 0 m
• Example: Design a bridge across a waterway having a discharge of 18 m 3/sec. The bottom width is 15 m and the top width is 21 m and the water depth is 3 m. • Sol. Assume n = 5 S = (21 -3)/5 = 3. 6 m Aw = (15+21)/2 * 3 = 54 m 2
v = 18/54 = 0. 33 m/sec Av= 5 * 3. 6 * 3 = 54 m 2 Check of Heading Up Since Aw = Av . . Hu = 0 Hu < 0. 1 m … OK
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