BRICKS By Aabha Parikh Ami Ponkia Bhargav Paruthi

BRICKS By : Aabha Parikh Ami Ponkia Bhargav Paruthi Nirav Suthar Sagar B Patel

INTRODUCTION �A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure. �In the general sense, a "brick" is a standard-sized weight-bearing building unit.

TYPES OF BRICKS �MUD BRICK �SUN BAKED BRICK �PERFORATED BRICK �PAVING BRICK �MODULAR BRICK �FLY ASH BRICK �GLASS BRICK �CLADING BRICK �CONCRETE BRICK �CALCIUM SILICATE BRICK

MUD BRICKS PERFORATED BRICKS SUN DRIED BRICKS PAVING BRICKS

FLYASH BRICKS MODULAR BRICKS GLASS BRICKS

CLADING BRICKS CONCRETE BRICKS CALCIUM SILICATE BRICKS

Concrete Block is a rectangular brick used in construction � Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete, usually sand fine gravel for high-density blocks. � The size is usually about 3 ⁄ 8 in (9. 5 mm) smaller to allow for mortar joints. �

COMPOSITION OF BRICK �ALUMINIA �SILICA �LIME �OXIDES OF IRON �MAGNESIA

PREPARATION �MOULDING �DRYING �BAKING OF CLAY

PREPARATION OF CLAYS

MOULDING �Rectangular boxes of wood or steel, open from bottom and top. Steel moulds are more durable and used for manufacturing on large scale.

WOODEN MOULDING

DRYING

BAKING

Colors of Bricks Color Of Brick Constituents present in Clay Black Manganeese and greater portion of iron Bluish Green When alkalies burnt at higher temperatures Bright Red, Dark Blue or Purple Large Amount of iron oxide Brown Lime in excess Cream Iron and little Lime Red Iron in excess White Pure clay Yellow Iron and Magnesia

TEST FOR BRICKS � ABSORPTION TEST � CRUSHING TEST � HARDNESS � PRESENCE OF SOLUBLE SALTS � SHAPE AND SIZE � SOUNDNESS

ABSORPTION TEST HARDNESS TEST CRUSHING TEST

SOUNDNESS TEST PRESENCE OF SOLUBLE SALTS SHAPE AND SIZE

DIFFERENT SHAPES OF BRICKS

Types of BONDS FLEMISH BOND STRETCHER BOND

ENGLISH BOND DENTAL DOG TOOTH IS A NICE AFFECT THAT CAN BE USED TO SPLIT LEVELS IN LARGE WALLS OR COULD JUST BE USED AS A FEATURE BELOW WINDOW OPENINGS

Face brick ("house brick") sizes, (alphabetical order) Standard Imperial Metric Australia 9 × 4⅓ × 3 in 230 × 110 × 76 mm Denmark 9 × 4¼ × 2¼ in 228 × 108 × 54 mm Germany 9 × 4¼ × 2¾ in 240 × 115 × 71 mm India 9 × 4¼ × 2¾ in 228 × 107 × 69 mm Romania 9 × 4¼ × 2½ in 240 × 115 × 63 mm Russia 10 × 4¾ × 2½ in 250 × 120 × 65 mm South Africa 8¾ × 4 × 3 in 222 × 106 × 73 mm Sweden 10 × 4¾ × 2½ in 250 × 120 × 62 mm United Kingdom 8½ × 4 × 2½ in 215 × 102. 5 × 65 mm United States 7⅝ × 3⅝ × 2¼ in 194 × 92 × 57 mm

GRADES OF BRICK �FIRST CLASS �SECOND CLASS �THIRD CLASS �FOURTH CLASS

FIRST CLASS BRICKS � 1 st class bricks are the best quality of bricks all over India. they mainly range from Rs. 4000 -4500 ( per 1000 bricks including shipping).

SECOND CLASS BRICKS � 2 nd class bricks are now widely used in metro cities. They are mainly used in the construction of FLATS where large quantity of the product is used. this product mainly range from Rs. 35004000 (per 1000 bricks including shipping)

THIRD CLASS BRICKS � These bricks are slightly under burnt or over burnt. • They are not uniform in shape, size and edges. • They shall not observe water more than 25% of their own dry weight after 24 hours, immersion in cold water. • They have some signs of efflorescence.

FOURTH CLASS BRICKS � The fourth class bricks are used as road metal and as aggregates in the foundation concrete.

Characteristics of Brick - Soft Porous Outer crust is harder and more dense than the inner material Fireproof Long life when properly maintained Low maintenance when properly laid Available in wide rage of colors and textures May be cast in decorative molds May be carved Bricks used during the 18 th and 19 th centuries were soft and porous; They absorbed 20 -25% of their weight in water (by the end of the 19 th century, 10% or less was considered the accepted maximum). - Soft, under burned bricks may absorb as much as 35% of their weight in water; The absorbency factor is important to know when comparing modern bricks with old ones.

Advantages 1. Since shape and size of bricks are uniform, it do not need skilled labor for the construction. 2. Bricks are light in weight and hence handling them is easy. 3. Bricks are easily available around cities and their transportation cost is less because their weight is less. Stones are to be brought from quarries which are located only at few places. 4. It is possible to use all types of mortar in brick masonry. For unimportant buildings even mud mortar can be used. 5. Thinner walls can be constructed with bricks but it is not so with stones. 6. It is easy to form openings for doors and windows. 7. Dead load of brick masonry is less. 8. In brick masonry mortar joints are thin and hence construction cost is reduced considerably. 9. Brick masonry has better fire and weather resistance compared to stone masonry

Disadvantages 1. Strength of brick masonry is less than that of stone masonry. 2. Durability of brick masonry is less. 3. Brick masonry needs plastering and plastered surface needs colour washing. Stone masonry don’t need them and hence maintenance cost is more in brick masonry. 4. Brick masonry absorbs water and there are possibility of dampness. There is no such problem in stone masonry. 5. More architectural effects can be given in stone masonry compared to that in brick masonry. 6. Stone masonry gives massive appearance and hence monumental buildings are built in stone masonry.

Factors affecting the strenght of brick Preparation of clay and blending of ingredients. � Nature of moulding applied. � Burning and baking processes � Drying time and nature. � Care taken during loading. � Harmful ingredients of Brick � Salt � Sand � Gravel

USAGE OF BRICKS BRICK AS STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

BRICK AS SPANNING ELEMENT

BRICK AS DECORATIVE ELEMENT

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