Brett Gladman JJ Kavelaars JeanMarc Petit Stephen Gwyn

Brett Gladman, JJ Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Stephen Gwyn Michele Bannister and the OSSOS Collaboration Photo: J. -C. Cuillandre (CFHT) Finding New Icy Worlds

What worlds are there elsewhere? Images: NASA/JPL/E. Lakdawalla

dwarf planets: density (g cm-3) all we have to observe Brown, 2013 diameter (km)

there are lots worlds! Helene (moon of Saturn), 40 km diameter more of the littl km Fraser & Kavelaars, 2009

why does the Solar System look the way we see it? Images: NASA/JPL/E. Lakdawalla

an era of precision planetary cosmogony doubling the known-orbit TNO sample 128 deg 2 to mr’(50%) ≈ 24. 5 560 queue-scheduled hours, 2013 -16

careful surveys constrain orbital structure Gladman et al. , 2012 from observations obtain the intrinsic population

first round, 2013: discovery! survey pointings AE April May AO galactic avoidance BH BL October; discovery Dec/Jan

13 AE block discovery efficiency

the 13 AE block

13 AE discoveries

second round, 2014: recovery! da/a < 10 -4 after only 15 months of arc

cometary activity surfaces occultations thermal from core discovery/tracking to modelling collaboration resonant mining catalogues light curves binaries scattering

Conclusions • The Kuiper belt: – highly sculpted by giant planet migration – dwarf planet census now complete • Absolute calibrations: soon! – only high-precision orbits in welltracked samples provide cosmogony constraints – OSSOS is doubling the known objects with orbits of exquisite precision